74 THE REPUBLIC OF RAGUSA citizens were sent in his stead.1 The latter proceeded to stir up and doubtless bribe Uros’s vassals, so that he thought it best for the present to renew their privileges, but hostilities soon broke out again. The Ragusans made an alliance with Michael, the Bulgarian Tsar, and with Radoslav, Count of Hlum, against the Serbs which brought Uros to reason, and in 1254 the differences were settled by stanico? Radoslav had visited Ragusa in person that same year, and the treaty of friendship which was thus concluded is embodied in two documents. In the first the Ragusan commonwealth swears to the Zupan Radoslav and his magnates that the city will be at peace with them according to ancient custom, and that they shall always have free access to its market. “ And all this we wish to do and maintain to you and your people, without prejudice to our oaths to the Lord Doge and the commonwealth of Venice, and to the Lord Michael, Tsar of the Bulgarians.” 3 In the second document Radoslav promises to make war with all his strength against King Uros, and to defend Ragusa by sea and land ; he also added that 1 Resti, ad ann. 1252. Ragusan writers frequently complain that the Venetians did not protect the city effectually against the Slaves, but it is difficult to see what they could have done against an almost inland state. 2 This institution is described on pp. 76-78. 3 In the various histories of Servia (e.g. B. Kállay’s Geschichte der Serben, p. 51) no mention is made of this coalition, and in fact the reign of Stephen U roí, save for the Mongolian inroads, is described as peaceful. On the other hand, the treaty between Radoslav and Ragusa expressly mentions the alliance with Bulgaria against Servia. Probably the Mongol invasion of 1255 induced him to make peace with his neighbours.