CJIOHCHblE riPEÆJIOHCEHHH C C0H330M «TO ECTb»
43
HacTbK) (cp. ... e nepeoM c/iyuae, mo ecmb .. .; c npeoKHUM MHemieM, mo ecmb ...). OaHaKO, hcho, hto cocymecTBOBaHHe sto— He Ha paBHbix npaßax: C0103 mo ecmb, HeiiTpaJW3yfl noanHHeHHe, OTO/iBHraeT ero Ha 3aÆHHH njiaH.
    3aMeTHM, hto, 6jiaroflapa CBoeñ æbohhoh cfiynKUHH, Tarae yTOHHaeMbie cjioBa nacTO cTaHOBHTCH cpeflCTBOM oöbCflHHeHHfl npefljioaceHiiH B 6ojiee cjioacHbte chh-TaKCHHecKHe eaHHHUbr, H3BecTHbie b JiHTepaType noa na3BanneM «a63au», cßepx-4>pa30B0e eflHHCTBO», «cjioacHoe cHHTaKCHHecKoe uejioe»1.
    B jiHHrBHCTHHecKOH JiHTepaType nojiyHHJio iunpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHne MHenne, HTO o6jiaCTB yTOHHeHHH (KOHKpeTH3aUHH CJIOBa HJIH CJIOBOCOHeTaHHfl) II-JIHKOM 3aKpenjieHa 3a c0K)30m a hmchho, t. e. stot cok>3 OKa3biBaeTca eAHHCTBeHHbtvi cpeacTBOM BbipaaceHHn yTOHHeHHH. Coioi a<e mo ecmb H3BecTeH b jiHHrnHCTHHec-koh JiHTepaType KaK coio3 coöctbchho noHCHHTejibHbiii2. Meac,ay TeM, KaK noKa-3ajiH HauiH HaöJiioiieHHa, ccjjepa pacnpocTpaHeHHH coKna mo ecmb 3HaiiHTejibHo uiHpe: oh ynoTpeöjiaeTCH TaKace h b cjioacHbix npearioaceHHax c üpyrHMH 3iiaH:im-HMH, B HaCTHOCTH, B npeflJlOaceHHHX C yTOHHeHHeM CJIOBa HJIH CJIOBOCOHeTaHHH. B CBH3H C TeM, HTO B CJIOaCHblX npeflJIO>KeHH5IX C yTOHHeHHeM ynOTpeÖJISJOTCfl o6a coK>3a (a uMemo, mo ecmb), b c(J)epe yTOHHeHHH B03HHKaeT «BJieHHe CHHTaKCH-HCCKOM CHHOHHMHH. Chhohhmhh peryjinpyeTca b Kaacfloii ot/kjibhoh pa3HOBHfl-HOCTH ee CneUHC})HHeCKHMH CTpyKTypHO-CMblCJIOBbEMH OCOßeHHOCTHMH.
    PaccMOTpHM xapaKTep h rpaHHU,bi 3toh chhohhmhh b npejicjiax cjioacHbix npeAJio>KeHHH c nocTno3HTHBHbiM yTOHHeHHeM. Chhohhmhh oöycjiOBJieHa CTpyK-TypHO-CeMaHTHHeCKHMH OCOÖeHHOCTHMH KaXC/lOÍÍ pa3HOBHÜHOCTH npeflJIOÄeHHH, TaKHMH, KaK CTeneHb CHHCeMaHTHHHOCTH yTOHHHeMbK CJIOB, HX B3aHMO/ieHCTBHe c OKpyacaioiiiiHM kohtckctom, nocTpoeHHe BTopoñ nacTH cjioa<Horo npeajioaceHHH. ripHHeM HyacHO yHHTbiBaTb, hto b ouhhx cjiynaiix Hanöojiee BaacHMMH hbjimiotcsi oflHH ocoéeHHOCTH, b jjpyrnx — apyrtie.
    Cpe/iH cjioacHbix npe/uioaceHHÍi c nocTno3HTHBHbiM yTOHHeHHeM no chhohhmh-necKOMy cooTHomeHHK) ztpyr c apyroM BbiaejunoTCsi npeflJioaceHHH TaKHX rpynn.
    1.	Tpynna npezuioaceHHH, b KOTopwx 3aMeHa o/moro coio3a ÆpyrHM Hen03-MoacHa. Ciofla othochtch ripeac/ie Bcero npeflJioaceHHH c cck>30m a iiMemto (umch-ho), b KOTopwx 3aMeHa a uMemw cok>30m mo ecmb HeB03M0acHa, HanpHMep: «HaM ÆaioTCH jBa [ïOJiO/Kennsi, a hmchho: Bce ByjiKaHbi cyTb ropbr; Bce reifoepbi cyrb Byji-KaHbi» ( T. M. H e ji n a h o b, Jlorma, rocnojiHTH3flaT, M., 1946, CTp. 7); «MTo6bi HcnpaBHTb ouiHÖKy, cue/iyeT BCTaBHTb Meacay noHaraeM «npHpo/ta» h HJieHaMH BbiuienpHBeaeHHoro .aejieHna eme aßa nocpeacTByromnx mena, a hmchho: hohhthh «mhp — HeopraHHHecKHH,, h „MHp — opraHHHecKHH,,» (maAi Mce, CTp. 34); «3to coBepmeHHo npaBHjibHO b 03H0m oTnomeiiHH, hmchho, hto ecjiH 6bi peöeHOK 6mji OKpyaceH jiHuaMH, KOTopbie noJib3yioTca pa3roBopHbiMH cjiOBecHbiMH (})0pMaMH
    1A. M. rieinKOBCKHii, PyccKUÜ cunmaKcuc e HayunoM oceememu, ma. 7, ynncarH3, M., 1956, CTp. 459; H. C. IlocnejiOB, CnoMcitoe cuumaKcuvecKoe ife.toe u ociionnbie oco-CeiiHoemu eeo cmpyKmypbi, «floKJianbi h coo6menna HncTHTyra pyccKoro H3biKa», AH CCCP, Bwn. II, 1948 r.; H. B. KapnHHHHKOBa, O cnocodax o6bedunemi.n nped/ioxcemiü e ceninoti peuu, «PyccKMÜ «3biK b LUKone», 1960, .Ns. 5.
     2	Cm. A. <t>. ripHUTKHHä, yKQ3. duc., CTp. 267—268: aBTop 3/iecb roßopHT o OTyx THnax cjioacHbix npezijioxceHHfi c noitcuHTe.ibHbiMH coio3aMn: «I. npeflno*eHHe-noacHeHne ot-hochtcs K oflHOMy H3 MejieHOB nepBoro npcfljTO>KeHna (npw a uMeimo) 2. npezuoxœHHe-noHCHeHHe OTHocHTca ko BceMy nepBOMy ripen.iOyKenHio (np» mo ecmb, a umchho)»; IO. r. y c h in e b a, yKQ3, paß.