488
CRITICA ;i BIBLIOGRAFIE
CTeneHH b coBpeMeHHOM pyccKOM a ibiKe aBaaexca -ee, ey(j)(()HKC -e coxpanaeT b htbccthux npcjiejiax-xapaKTep aeKcxByK>meii MoaeaH. B 3HaHHxeabHoii Mepe noHH3Haacb npoayKTMBiiocTb cy4)(|)hkcob-npeBocxoÄHott CTeneHH -eiiiuuù, -aùutuù. 3xox (JiaKT, no mhchhio aBTOpa, „Moacex cjiy*MTb ocho-BaHHCM ZIJIH HCKJIKDHCHHH HX H3 CJIOBOH3MeHHTejIbHOH napailHrMbl KaneCXBeHHblX npHJiaraTejIbHblX.
h npH3HaHHH cjiOBOo6pa30BaTejibHbiM pa3paflOM” (cxp. 255).
     B coBpeMeHHOM pyccKOM mbiKe nojiyHHJiH mnpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe HBycocTaBHbie npezino->KeHHH, KOHCTpyKTHBHoß ochoboìì K0T0pbix ABjiaioTOi OTBJieMCHHbie cymecTBHTCjibHbie xnna: codepxcanue, umo,' h t. a. 3tot THn npe/iJio*enHti anajiH3npyeTCii b cTaTbe T. A. 3 o ji o t o • b o d Pa38umue HeKomopbix munoe UMemibix òeycocmaenbix npedAOMcemü e coepeMeHHOM pyccKOM mbiKc (mctM mce, cTp. 275—302). npeaaojKemia «aHnoro rana Bbipa'/KaraT yMosaKnioHCHHC,. npoqecc hjih pe3ynbTar aHajiHTHHecKoii pa6oTbi MUTenjiCKTa. fljia hhx xaparrepHa hctko Bbipa-jKetitiaa flByiJieHnocTb. Me*ay cocTaBOM noaneacamero h cocTaBOM cKa3yeMoro cyuiecxByer onpeziejienHaH CMbicjioBaa CBiOb (c ozinoti ctopohw, najin4ne oiBneneHnoro nowiTHa, a c apyrofi,.
—	ycTaHOBJieHHe coxiepvKaHnsi 3Toro noHHTna). B cbh3h c 3thm npeaao>KeHHa rioaoóiioro rana hmciot xapaKiep (j)0pMyjiHp0B0K, tc3hcob, a(j)0pn3M0B, jio3yHxoB. B pa6oTe b nsynaeMOM Tnne npejiJio*CHHii Bbiaeaaioxca aßa noaTHna h/ih aBe ocHOBHbie rpynnbi, Koxopbie aBxop ycaoBiio Ha3biBaeT rpynnofi pexpocneKXHBHoro aHaaH3a h rpynnoìt nepcneKXHBHoro aHajin3a.
     Tpexbeü paöoxoii no cHHxaKeHey b aHanH3MpyeMbix cèopuMKax aBaaexca cxaxba H. A. ÌIhko-T pHHHUKOii FIpoÓMMa HOMcp oduH ( HucAumeAbnoe e po.iu necoc. wcoeamozo onpe-dejiemtx) (maM Me, cxp. 303—310). PaHee b cymecxByiomHX nayMHbix rpaMMaxHKax 1 3xox xhìt HecorjiacoBannoro onpeaejieHHa He paccMaxpHBaaca, BepoiiTiio, BBHay pe/iKocxn ero ynoxpeS-aeHHa. B coBpcMeHHOM pyccKOM H3biKe sxa KOHCxpyKUH» cxaaa ihhpoko ynoxpeßaaxbca He Tojibk'o b aeJioBoii penn, ho h b xyaoJKecxBeHHOft jiHxepaType, nyöJiHUHCTHKe. MHCjiHxenbHoe Moacex’ BbiCTynaxb b HMCHHTCjibHOM naaeace h b nocxno3HUHH KaK co cjiobom nouep, xaK h 6e3 Hero: cp. « Keapmupe HOMep deadifanib luecmb h e Keapmupe deadifamb utecmb.
     HeH3MenaeMocxb KonmecTBeHHoro cymecxBHxeabHoro, Bbicxynaiouiexo b po;in necor/iaco-BaHHoro onpenejieHHii, no MHeinno aBTopa, noaxBcp/Kflaex BbicKaiamiyio b npocneKxe ..PyccKHÜ «3biK h coBexcKoe oömecxBo” (AnMa-Axa, 1962) Mbicab o tom, hxo b coBpeMeHHOM pyccKOM H3biKC ycHjiHBaexcH xenaeHUHM k pa3BHXHK3 aHajiHXH3Ma. 3xa Mbicnb, KaK y>Ke oxMenanocb Bbnue* no HaiueMy mhchhio, xpeóyex aonojiHnxe.ibHoif h cepbeiHOH npoBepKH (JiaxTHHecKHM Ma repuajioM.
     Pa3Hoo6pa3Ha xewaxHKa cxaxeft, nocBHmcHHbix caoBapHOMy cocxaBy pyccKoro snbiKa cobcx-CKOH 3nOXH.
     B cxaxbflx ¿1. H. IliMejieBa O ceMaumuveCKUx uiMenenunx e coepeMeimoM pyccKO.st H3biKe (c6. Pa3B. rpaMM. cxp. 4—17) h O neKomopbix mendenuitax pa38umu.H coepeMenHoù pyccKoit eKcuKu (c6. Pa3B. jickchkh cxp. 5—16) ocBemaioxcH Bonpocbi 6oaee o6mero xapaKxepa. CevianTH-■ieCKHe H3MeHeHHH MOryT 6bIXb BbI3BaHbI KaK H3bIKOBbIMH, xaK H BHCH3bIKOBbIMH npHHHHaMH. M3MeHeHHa b ceMaHXHKe oóycjiaB.iHBaioxcn napajinrMaxMKoii h CHHTarMaxHKOfi flìbiKa. TaK, HanpHMep, p»a himchchmh b 3iiaHCHHH cjiob npoHCxoaHx noa BoiaeflcTBHeM rpynn cjiob, Koxopbie ceMaHXHnecKH conocxaBjiinoroi c hhmh. CnoBa TaK*e MoryT conocxaBnaxbcsi no (|>opMe: nepeoc-MbicaeHHe, „BHyxpeHHeft (Jiop.Mbi caoBa” („Hapoanaa sxHnoaorHa”), KouxaMnHauna cjiob Kaic pesyjibxaT hx 3ByKOBoro cxoacxBa h t. a. Ha ceMaHXHKy cjiob 0Ka3biBaeT BosaeHcxBMe hx n0CT0-HHHoe hjih nacxoe ynoxpe6neHHe b onpeaejiCHHbix peneBbix KOHxeKCTax: cp., HanpHMep, pacuiH-peHHe c(j>epbi aeKCHHecKoii conexaeMoexH caoßa, ynoxpeöaaeMoro b ycxoftHHBbix caoBocoiexa-hhhx (cp. y3Kuù: y3Kiiù Kpye, y3Kue Mecma, y3Kuü sonpoc H x. a.). HaÖJiioaaioxcs h o6paxHbie npoueccbi, Koxaa caoBO xepaex oóbiHHbie an« Hero b onpeaejieiinoM KOHxeKcxe hjih peieBoil CHxy-auHH onpeaeaeHHH, Koxopbie ceMaHXHHecKH oöieaHHüHDxcsi c onpeaenaevibiM caoBOM; cp. itapy-uiumenb (nopa/iKa, 3aKOHa), oceododumb (ox pa6oxbi) h ap.
     H b oöaacxH ceMaHXHnecKHx H3MeHeHHH, KaK h b snbiKe b uenoM, aeöcxByiox aBe ocHOBHbie TeHaeHUHH: TeHaenunn k peryaspHOCTH, x. e. cxpeMaeHHe k 0aH03HaHHbiM oxHomeHHsiM, h npoxaBO-noaoKHan renaeHunH — k 3KcripeccnBnocxn. KaK npn3Haex caM aBxop, b cxaxbe aaioxca „oóm«e pe3yabxaxbi iiaójitoneHHÌi Haa ceMaHXHwecKHMH HSMeHeHHHMH b pyccKOM »3biKe nocneoKTaöpbCKoit 3noxH h oouuie cooöpaaceHHa, KacaiomHeca 3aaan hx n3y4eHna" (cxp. 17) 2.
      1	Cm. A. M. TleiiiKOBCKHH, PyccKuü cuHtnaKCuc e HayuHOM oceeiqeHuu, IÌ3 n. 7, MocKBa, 1956: TpaMMamuKa pyccKoeo M3biKa, t. Il, h. I, M., H3ji-bo AHCCCP, 1954 h ap.
      2	5Ke/iaiouxHx 03HaK0MHTbCfl uiHpe c npoöJieMaMH pyccKofi ceMacnojiorHH OTCbiJiaeM k MOHC>rpa<t>Jin J\. H-Ili m e ji e b a, Onepnu no cejuacuoAoeuu pyccnoeo H3biKa, MocKBa, 1964, 243 CTp.