B tot nepno,n, Konja WepHbiuieBCKHH nHcajT sth ctpokh, TepMHH Kpumu-uecKuü peajtu3M eme He ycne/i npoHHO boííth b JiHTepaTypoBe,flHecKHH o6hxo.ii. Ho MepHbiuieBCKHÜ noApa3yMCBaer ero no,a CJiOBaMH xpumuuecKoe nanpae.neHue. M xoth TaKHe noHHTMH, KaK camupmecxoe nanpa«jienue b pyccKoíí JiHTepaType h KpumuuecKuü peaAU3M, óyayHH Hepa3pbiBHo CBHianbi Meacay co6oií, He ToacaecT-BeHHbi, Mbicjib KpHTHKa-peBOjnouHOHepa rjiyGoKo cnpaBeflJiHBa — b tom otho-uieHHH, hto caTHpa ToroJia HMejia peuiaiomee 3HaneHHe ana yTBepauieHHa h pa3-bhthh peajiH3Ma XIX b. /leHCTBHTejibno, ncTopnLiecKoíí 3acjiyron Torojia HBjiaeTca tot (J)aKT, hto 6/iaroiiapa eMy pyccKHH kphthhcckhh peajiH3M cymecTBenHbiM o6pa3oivi o6oraTHJica h caejiaji orpoMHbiñ ujar Bnepea.
*
    HanGo/tee bbuiaromueca npoH3Be/ieHH» H. B. Torosa co3aaHbi b cepeflHiie 30-x rr. XIX b. m Ha CTbiKe 30-x h 40-x rr. PeajiHCTHnecKHe AocTnaceHHa BeJiHKoro pyccKoro nncaTeJia h KawecTBeHuo H0B0e coAepwaHHe ero coimajibHO HacwmeHHOít caTHpw OKa3ajiH Morynee B03/ieíícTBne Ha jimepaTypy 40-x rr., b nepByio one-peab — Ha nMcaTeJieñ, tbophbhjhx b pycjie iiamypaAbiioü iukoam, KOTopoñ B. T. £e-jihhckhm aun h flpyroe Ha3BaHMe — eozoAeecKoe HanpaeAenue e pyccKOü Aumepa-mype. Haeñuaa HanpaBjieirnocTb namypaAbHoü iukoam, ee TecHaa CBa3b c Hacym-HblMH npo6^eMaMH COBpeMeHHOCTH, pe3KO KpHTHHeCKOe OTHOHieHHe K HHKO-jiaeBCKoíí AeíícTBHreJibHocTH, oGpameHHe k caTHpe, xapaKTepHoe ajia mhothx nHcareJieñ 3Toro nepuoAa, oGbacHaKJTca, kohchho, He o/ihhm TOJibKo BjiHanHe.M Torojia, ho h ycjioBHaMH 06mecTBeHH0-n0JiHTHHecK0H )kh3hh Pocchh 40-x toaob. 3to 6bijiw roAw, Kor.ua pe3Ko o6ocTpHJiHCb HfleÜHbie h KjiaccoBbie KOHtjwiHKTbi, Kor^a Hapaay c ycHJieHHeM caMo,nep>KaBHo-KpenocTHH4ecKoro rHeTa pocjio h Kpen.no ocBo6oflHTejibHoe ABH^eHHe b cTpaHe.
    CaMbie 3HaHHTeJibHbie aBjieHHa couHajibHoü aeiícTBHTejibHocTH yKa3aHHoro nepuoaa npaBflHBO h BcecTopoHHe 0Tpa3MJincb b pyccKoíí peajiHCTHHecKoñ jiHTe-paType, CTpeMHBiueiíca ocBeTHTb rjiaBHeiÍHiHe oGmecTBeHHbie npoóiieMbi BpeMeHH. riepeAOBbie pyccKHe nncaTejin 40-x rr. nocBaTHJiH óojibUjyK) nacTb cbohx npo«3-BeACHHH KpHTHKe h pa3o6jia4eHHK) pa3Jin4Hbix oTpHuaTeJibHbix acneKTOB oómecT-BeHHoñ >kh3hh, npHÓeraa npH 3tom HepeflKo k caTHpe h Hcno:ib3ya ee b KanecTBe 6oeBoro opyacna AJia ycHJieHna oSjiHHHTejibHoro HanpaBjieHHa b cbocm TBopnecTBe h fljia 6ojiee peajiHCTHHecKoro BocnpoH3BefleHHa aeíicTBHTeJibHOCTH.
    B CBoeM noaaBraiomeM 6ojibuiHHCTBe, nncaTeJin, TBopHBuine HenocpeacT-BeHHo nocjie ToroJia, pe/iKo coHHHajiH « hhcto » caTupHHecKHe npoH3Be/ieHHa. TeM ne MeHee caTwpHHecKaa HanpaBjieHHOCTb, npoaBHBuiaaca b oahhx npoH3Be-aeHHax GoJiee KpynHbiM h oTneTjiHBbiM anaHOM, b apyrHx — TOJibKO nacTHHHo, b HeKOTOpbix o6pa3ax h KapTHHax, b oTflejibHbix nepTax aBTopcKoro CTHJia, — BecbMa omyTHMa b peajincTH4ecKofí pyccKoñ jtHTepaType 40-x roaoB. OHa cboííct-BeHHa mhothm npoH3BeaeHHaM HaHÓojiee Bbi4atomnxca nHcaTe^eñ, BCTynHBUiHX b 3th roabi Ha nyTb peajiH3Ma, TaKHX, KaK H. C. TypreHeB, A. H. TepueH, H. A. HeKpacoB, h paay paccKa30B h noBecTeñ apyrnx, MeHee BHflHbix nHcaTeJieñ-peajincTOB 3Toro nepHoaa, HanpHMep, M. H. IlaHaeBa, ü. II. ByTKOBa, fl. BTpH-ropoBH4a, E. n. rpeóeHKH.
    OcTaHOBHMca KpaTKo Ha coflepacaHHH h pojih caTHpbi b peajincTHHecKOM TBop4ecTBe Hanóojiee KpynHbix nncaTejieñ 3Toro nepnofla — H. C. TypreHeBa,
A.	H. TepueHa h H. A. HeKpacoBa.
    KaK H3BecTHO, paHHee tbop4cctbo H. C. TypreHeBa (KOHua 30-x toaob) 0TMe4eH0 ne4aTbio poMaHTH3Ma. MHoro JieT cnycTa, b nopy cBoeñ TBop4ecKoü
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