ToHHüCTb h o6pa3HOCTb 3Toro BbicKa3biBaHHa rorojia OTMeTHji eme B. T. Ee-jihhckhh b cBoefi CTaTbe Omeem « MocKeumnHimy » h, KOMMeHTHpya ero, yKa3a.i, hto oho « 6pocaeT apicHÌi cbct Ha 3HaneHne h 0C06eHH0CTb ero (rorojia — H.3.) TaJiaHTa... » x.
     /J,eiicTBHTejibHO, cjioBa ToroJia jiymue Boero o6t>hch«iot xapaKTepHbie oco-6eHH0CTH ero jihhhoto caTupHHecicoro TajiaHTa; ho ozmoBpeMeHHo ohm «BHjiHCb kjik)hom fljifi pacKpbiTHH toh cymecTBeHHOìi pojiM, KoxopyK) BooGme Hrpajra caTHpa b TBopnecTBe nHcaTeJieñ-peajiHCTOB, .aawe Tex, kto nojib30Bajica eio b MeHbuieii Mepe, neM caM Torojib: b apceHajie hx xyaoxcecTBeHHbix cpeacTB oHa 6biJia cBoero poaa yBejiMHHTejibHbiM ctckjiom, CKB03b KOTopoe « o6biHHbie », « 3aypaflHbie » CTopoHbi >kh3hh, oTpHuaTejibHbie CBOHCTBa KOTopbix GbijiH «e TaK 3aMeTHbi HeB00py»<eHH0My rjia3y, BbicTynajiH mctko, «pKO m BbinyKJio. M CBOHCTBa 3Toro yBejiHHHTeJibHoro CTeKJia, npoacHsnomero, ho OTHK>,ab He HCKa-waiomero aeiicTBHTejibHOCTb2, rjiyóoKo yacHHJiH ce6e Han6o.uee BbiflaromMeca nHcaTejiH nepnoAa P33bhthh h pacu,BeTa peajiH3Ma 30—40-x rr. XIX b., xoth He Bce ohh npnaaBajiH caTHpe TaKoe >Ke 3HaneHHe, Kaxoe npn^aBa^ eñ Torojib, h He HacbimajiH eio cboh xyaoacecTBeHHbie o6pa3bi b TaKoñ 5Ke Mepe h CTeneHH, KaK cflejraji 3to aBTop Peeusopa h Mepmawx òyiu. Ho TaK hjth HHawe, yace c Komia 20-x rr. XIX h b oco6chhocth b nepHOfl 30—40-x rr. pyccKHÌi peajiH3M pa3BH-BaeTCH b TecHOM B3aHMOfleiicTBHH c caTHpoìi, KOTopasi npHoópeTaeT coBepmeHHo HCBbie CBOHCTBa, OTJIHHaK)LL|He ee OT CaTHpbl XVIII B.
     K cojKajieHHK), Bonpoc o pojiM caTHpHHecKoro HanpaBjieHHH b pyccKoii jiHTe-paType 30-x-40-x rr. XIX b. h o ero 3Ha4eHHH b pa3BHTHM KpnTHMecKoro peajiH3Ma AaHHoro nepHoaa eme oneHb MaJio pa3pa6oTaH b jiHTepaTypoBeAeHHH. H ecjiH b HCCJieflOBaHHHX h M0H0rpa(f)HHx, nocBHmeHHbix TBopnecTBy pyccKHx nHcaTejieñ-caTHpHKOB (HanpHMep, H. B. Torojia) h b oxaeJibHbix cneuHajibHbix Tpyaax 3, Hapsfly c aHajiH30M npoH3Be,aeHHH, OTMenaeTca psm caTMpHMecKwx cbohctb, 3Toro He^b3a CKa3aTb 06 HCcjreaoBaHHflx o TBopnecTBe nHcaTejieñ, He caTHpHKOB no npeHMymecTBy. HeT eme b cobctckom jthtepaTypoBe^eHhh cneunajibHbix pa6oT
o	can pe IpHÓoeflOBa, IlyuiKHHa, lepueHa, HeKpacoBa, TypreHeBa4 h apyrnx nHcaTejieii.
    B npefleJiax HacToameñ pa6oTbi He CTaBHTC», Aa h He mojkct 6biTb nocTaB-jieHa 3aaana HcnepnbiBaiomero BocnojiHeHH» 3Toro npo6e.ria — BcecTopoHHero pa36cpa 0C06eHH0CTeií caTHpbi b TBopnecTBe psma nHcaTeJieíí XIX b., TeM Gojiee, hto npHBJieKaioTCH, KpoMe caTHpHKa roro^ia, nncaTejiM, KOTopbie, b ochobhom, He 6buin caTHpHKaMH. B cooTBeTCTBHH c OCHOBHOÍÍ TeMoìi npecjieflyeTca ropas/io 6ojiee CKpoMHaa ueJib: npeacTaBHTb oTfleJibHbie cbohctb3 caTHpbi b TBopiecTBe nHcaTejien, o K0T0pbix HjieT penb, KaK ceoezo poda oópa3ifbi aKTHBHoro
     1	B. T. Bcjihhckhìi, fJo.nt. coóp. cow., t. X, 1956. CTp. 144.
     2	H. C. TypreHeB, Kacascb xyaowecTBeHHofi Manepbi M. E. CaaTbiKOBa-lUeapHHa, nncaji, hto noaJiHHHa« caTMpa (h.ih « KapmoTypa » b KOHTeKCTe BbicKa3biBaHHH TypreHeBa) « npeyBeJiMMHBaeT ncniHy KaK 6bi nocpeacTBOM yBejiHHHTeabHoro CTeKJia, ho HHKoraa He MCKa-)KaeT ee rymecTBa ». Cm.: H. C. TypreHeB. Coóp. cow. b 12 -th tt., t. XI, roc.nHTH3.naT, M., 1956, cTp. 202.
     3	Cm., HanpHMep, KpoMe oTMeneHHbix Ha npejibi/iyiunx c rpannuax pa6or B. KHpnoTHHa h f\. 3.ibc6epra, HCCjieaoBaHiie B. EpMHaoBa: HeKomopbie eonpocbi meopuu coeetncKoit dpaMamypeuu. O ¿oeo.teecKoù mpaòuiiuu, Mia. « Cobctckhh rmcaTcab » M.. 1953.
     4	3a HCKJiK)HeiiMeM CTaTbH n. r. riycTOBOiÌTa, CamupuwecKue meiiàemiiw e mecpuecmee H. C. Typ.eHeea, b c6opH. CTaTeii Teop'tecmeo fi. C. Typeeneea. ynnearn3, M., 1959, CTp.488 — 520 (Ob 3Toñ pa6oTe 43cthhho 6yaeT CKa3aH0 b aaabHeñLLieM, b cbsih c pa36opoM caTHpbi TypreHeBa).
146