caTHpbi B peajiHCTHHecKoe oTpaweHHe noBceaHeBHbix coimajibHbix h öbiroBbix HBJieHHH. B TBopwecTBe ToroJia OTpHuaTejibHbie CTopoHbi coBpeMeHHOii eMy snoxH npeacTaBJiaioT co6ok> He KaKne-Hn6yAb CMeiUHbie hckjhohchmh, KaK sto nbirajiHCb yiBep'/K/iaib ctopohhhkh rocnoflCTBOBaBuiero counajibHoro yKjia;;a h npeacraBureau « screTMHecKoii kphtmkh », a xapaKTepHbie hbjichhh oöiuecTBen-HOÍÍ 5KH3HH POCCHH, KOTOpytO OH H306pa5KaJl C HIHpOTOH H FipOHMKHOBeHHeM reHH-aabHoro xyaoacHHKa. ToroJib rjiyöoKO pacKpbui 3na4enne « aaypaaHbix » nejio-BenecKHx HeaocTaTKOB h C0UnajibH0-6bir0Bbie KopHH, nopo>KAaiomne hx. EMy 6buia cBOHOTBeHHa ocTpoTa TBopnecKOH Ha6jiK>/iaTe/ibHOCTH, cnoco6nocib npo-HHKHyrb b caMbie TeMHbre, TmaTeJibHo CKpbiBaeMbie yrojiKH 5kh3hh, KOTopbie oh ocBemaa h noÆBepraji ònnyiomeMy cMexy. Toroab co3flaji wupoKHe KaptHHbi oömecTBeHHOH jkh3hh, HaHÖojiee xapaKTepHbix hbjichhh pyccKoñ aeñcTBHTeJib-hocth CBoero BpeMeHM, noKa3aB h TaKHe ee nepTbi, KOTopwe npeucTaBJiajiH coòoh cymecTBeHHbie, ho nopoii HenpnMeTHbie oTpwuaTeJTbHbie CTopoHbi oòmecTBeHHbix oTHOLueHHH. 3ry ocoöeHHocTb peajiH3Ma Éorojia h ero caTHpwHecKoro TajiaHTa oTMeTHJi, no CBH^eTejibCTBy caMoro nncaTejia, eme nyuiKHH. B Wem up ex nucbMax K pa3HbiM jiuifaM no noeody « Mepmebix òym » Torojib yKa3biBa;t: « 06o MHe MHoro TOJiKOBajiH, pa30HpaH Koe-KaKHe moh cTopoHbi, ho rjiaBHoro cymecTBa Moero He onpeAejimiH. Ero cjibiuiaji oahk TOJibKo FlyüJKHH. Oh MHe roBopmi Bcer^a, hto eme hh y oaHoro nncaTejia He 6buio 3Toro aapa BbicTaBjisrrb TaK apKO nouuiocTb 5KH3HH, yMeTb oHepTHTb c TaKoìi chjioìì nouijiocTb nomjioro nejioBeKa, 4To6bi Ben Ta MejiOHb, KOTopaa ycK0Jib3aeT ot rjia3, MejibKHyjia 6bi Kpynno b rjia3a BceM. Bot Moe rjiaBHoe cbohctbo, o^HOMy MHe npima,ajie>Kamee h KOToporo, tohho, HeT y apyrwx micaie/ieñ » (KypcHB Torojia — H.3.)1.
    3to oweHb TOHHoe onpeaejieHHe. Torojib He npeyBejiHHHBaji 3HaneHHH CBoero « rjiaBHoro CBOHCTBa », He oinnòa^ca, Koraa yTBepacuaji, hto ero « HeT y apyrnx nncaTejien », npeauiecTBeHHHKOB h coBpeMeHHHKOB.
    B HeCKOJIbKO HHOÌÌ (J)0pMe B. r. BejIHHCKHH TaK>Ke OTMeTHJI OCHOBHyiO oco-ôeHHOCTb roroaa-pea^HCTa h caTwpHKa: « TeM-TO n bcjihko C03aaHHe « Mepr-Bbie ayujH », hto b hcm coicpbiTa 2 h pa3aHaTOMwpoBaHa >KH3Hb ao Mejioneñ, h MejionaM 3thm npwaaHO oòmee 3HaneHHe »3. Pa3yMeeTca, sto BbicKa3biBaHHe BenHHCKoro othochtch He TOJibKO k MepmebiM dyuiaM. HcKjnoHHTejibHO ueHHO h BepHO 3aMenaHHe o tom, hto b npoH3BeaeHH«x TorojiH >KH3HeHHbiM MeJionaM npnziaHO « oòmee 3HaneHHe », hhmmh cjioBaMH — npH^aH o6o6meHHbiH CMbicji. BejiHKoii 3acjiyroH Torona hbjìhctch tot (j>aKT, hto nncaTeJib BocnpoH3Be.ii coBpe-MeHHyK) eMy couwajibHyK) 5KH3Hb bo Bcex ee acneKTax, nopoacaeHHbix caMoii fleÌÌCTBHTeJIbHOCTbK) — 3HaHHTeJIbHbIX H MejIOHHblX, OÖblKHOBeHHblX H aHopMajib-Hbix, cepbe3Hbix h HeJienbix. MHorne h3 H3o6pa>KeHHbtx TorojieM acH3HeHHbix HBJieHHH 6bIJIH 6e3o6pa3Hbi; JXlOabMH CO 3flpaBbIM CMUCJIOM OHH BOCnpHHHMaJlHCb KaK CMeuiHbie otkjiohchhh ot HopMbi pa3yMHoro, ho, b cymHOCTH, HHHero 3a6aB-Horo b HHX ne 6buio. Hao6opoT, ohh öbuin TparHHHbi, h no sthm hbjìchhhm, TaK npaBflHBo H^ocTOBepHO noKa3aHHbiM nncaTejieM, motkho 6biao cyaHTb otom, KaK HenpaBHabHO ycTpoeHbt oòmecTBeHHbie othouichhh b caMOflep>KaBHO-Kpe-nOCTHHeCKOH PoCCHH.
      1	H. B. Torojib, Coóp. cou. b 6-th TOMax, t. VI, 1959, CTp. 151.
2	CjIOBO « COKpbITa » — HeTOHHOCTb, nOBTOpHhOLUaflCH B pdfle HWHHÍi IipOmBe/liHMÌÌ
 B.	r. BeJiHHCKOro. B npHMenaHHsix k KHHre B. r. Ee.iuHCKuù o roc'o.te, roc;iHTH3flar, M., 1949, Ha crp. 473 yxa3aHo: «Bhjihmo, CJieayeT wraTb: „icKpbima h pa3aHaT0Mnp0BaHa )KH3Hb“. B mìa. ■CojiiiaTeHKOBa h IIIenicHHa hmchho Tax (h. VI, 555) ».
      2	B. r. BejiHHCKHÌi, rio.ih. coóp. con., t. VI, 1955, CTp. 431.
151