JlepMOHTOBa b KDuKepcKOH uiKOJie — 1832—1834 rr. — Tex « CTpauiHbix roaax », KOTOpbie, 0flHaK0, He nponaan aaa nosTa aapoM h oneHb MHoroMy HaysMJiM ero.
     C Haiuefi TOMKH 3penna, coBepinemio npaBnabHO CBa3biBaa sbojhouiiio TBopnecKoro nyTH JlepMOHTOBa c ero Mnp0B033penneM h noanepKnßaa onpeaeaaiowyio pojib nocaeanero, P. Oiihtu, oanaKO, HeaoyMHTbiBaeT aBycTopominiì xapaKTep CBam Mnp0B033peHna h TBopnecTBa, oöpaTnoe BjniHHMe TBopnecTBa Ha Mnp0B033peHHe. HeaocTaTOHHO UJHPOKO oh paccMaTpHBaeT h caMoe noHHTHe xyao*ecTBeHHoro MeToaa. CBO.ua Bonpocu xyao*ecTBeHHoro Meroaa k ocBemetmio CBOCOÖpaiH« KOH(j)jlHKTa H paCCMUTpHBüH 3TOT KOH(J)JlHKT Ha OCHOBaHHM HeCKOJlbKHX npOH3BeaeHH0 (« McnoBexib », « Boapnn Opuia », « Mubipn »), Bbiöop kotopmx aaa stoìì ueaH iieaocTaTOHHO apryMeHTHpoBaH, P. Oiihtu HCKyccTBeHHo oTpbiBaeT iipoH3Beaenna 1832—1834 rr. (« BaanM ») ot «paMbi «MacKapaa», coiaannoii b 1835—1836 r., He ynnTbiBaa, hto paöoTa naa sthmh npoH3Be-aeHHHMH npeacTaaaaeT coóofi ochobhoA, Marne Tpaabiibifi h HenpepbiBHbi« nyTb noHCKOB nosTa h cocTaBJiaeT, caeaoBaTeabno, eannbiW — nepexoaHbiö — sran pasBHTna ero TBopnecTBa.
     OflHaKo CKa3aHHoe OTHioab He cnnMaeT uchhocth paóoTbi P. OriHTua. C iiaincii tohkh 3peHHa HccJieaoBaHMe HeMeuKoro ynenoro, onHpaiomeeca Ha noaanmio MapKCHCTCKHtt Meroa aHajiH3a amepaTypubix HBjieHHfi, HrpaeT Baxiiyio poiib b aeae pacKpbiTna HCTHHHoro CMbicaa aepMOHTOBCKOTO TBOpneCTBa H MHPOBOTJpenna H CayJKHT, IlOJTOMy, HaCTOalUHM opyJKHCM B 6opb6e npoTHB doab pacnpocTpaHenHbix Ha 3anaae h, b h3ctocth, KaK sto noKa3biBaeT caM P. OnHTU, b SariaaHoil TepMaunn peaKunonnbix KOHuermnn. ncKawaiomnx noaanmibin o6anx 3aMeMaTeabHoro pyccKoro nosTa.
     Ecjih öoJibiuHHCTBo pa6oT, riocBamenubix npoöaeMe cpaBnmeabnoro Hiynenna pyccKofi h 3anaflH0-eBp0neficK0H anTepaTyp, xapaKTepH3yeT rayönHa anajima anTeparypnbix a Bacimi), onnpatomeroca Ha yneT aaBiunx hm wn3Hb koiikpcì iibix counaabHO-noamnHecKMx ycjiOBnti h naeoaornHecKHX TeneHHii, to HeKOTopwe H3 noaoönbix nccaeaOBannn rpeiuaT (JiopMaabHbiM noaxoaoM k BonpocaM cpaBHHTeabHoro anTepaTypoBeaenna. B ocoöchhocth sto KataeTca CTaTbn B. B n K e p H, ilapa.Lie.iujM e .lumepamypnoM pajeumuu Eaùpona u ilyiuKuiia Bbiao 6bi Hecnpa-BeaanBO 0TKa3aTb aMcpnKancKOMy yaeHOMy b tohkoctm anaania h npoHHuaTeabHocTH Mbican. B paöoTe B. BnKepn coaep*aTca HepeaKO Meikhc, aioSonbiTHbie 3aMeHanna n naöaioaeHHa. Ocoöbin HHTepec npeacTaBjiaeT c stoA tomko 3penna riepBaa nacTb paöoTbi, rae npoBoanTca conocTaBaeHHe paHunx nponiBeaennii Baftpona n llyiuKnna, aeaaiOTca bmboau o cxoacTBe HeKOTOpblX HX MOTHBOB H O HepBOHCTOHHHKaX STHX MOTHBOB. MHTepeCHbie naCCaJKH HMeiOTCa h b apyrnx MacTax pa6oTbi. Ho Bce sth naöaKJaenna noBncatoT b B03ayxe, h6o BbiBoabi, k koto-pbiM npnxoanT aBTop paöoTbi, HHKaK He CBa3anbi c hhmh h ne BbiTeKaioT H3 hhx. ilpoTHBopena (J)opMyaHpoBKe CBoeii TeMbi, npoTHBop>eMa oneBnaHOMy cBnaeTeabCTBy npnBcacHHbix mm *e cbmhm 4>aKTOB, B. BnKepn noaMenaeT npoßaeMy napaaaean3Ma — oóocnoBaiiHoro H aoKasaHHOro b paöoTe — BonpocoM o Banannn, h yTBep*aaeT Haannne Bananna Baiipona uà IlyuiKHHa Ha npoTa)KeHHH ecezo meopuecKOZO nymu nocAedneeo.
     flp0H3B0abH0CTb SToro BbiBoaa oTHioab He caynaöHa. OHa oöbacHaeTca TeM, hto aMepn-KaHCKnn yneHbiti H36HpaeT HeBepHbiii nyTb nccaeaoBaHna, hto b cbocm cpaBHHTeabHOM H3yneHHH TBopnecTBa riyoiKnua h BanpoHa oh He ToabKo He nexoam H3 paccMoipenna 3Toro rBopnecTBa KaK pe3yabTaTa h OTpa*eHna onpeaeaenHbix snox, onpeaeaeHHbix, nacTo cymecTBeHHO pa3aH-Hatomnxca oömecTBenHbix ycaoBnii, ho h nocaeaoBaTeabno HrHopHpyeT sto oócToaTeabCTBo. XyaoiKecTBeHHoe nponiBeaeHne BbicTynaeT y Hero pe3yabTaTOM hhcto aHTepaTypHbix Banannii, hto HeBoabHO BeaeT k co6aa3Hy ycTaHOBHTb sth « Bananna » b KaK mojkho öoabiueM KoaHHecTBe, a HepeaKO Hanm hx h TaM, rae ohm neB03Mo*Hbi.
     Me*ay TeM KOHKpeTHO-ncTopnnecKHn B3raaa Ha TBopnecTBo Toro nan apyroro nosTa, anaani ero couHaabHbix h naeoaornHeCKnx ochob no3BoaHaH 6bi aBTopy caeaarb 3HannTeabHO 6oaee BepHbie h rayóoKne BbiBoabi. He MeHee Ba*no b stom CMbicae h paccMOTpeHHe xyao*e-CTBeHHoro CBoeo6pa3na Hacaeana riyuixHHa n BaApoHa b 6oaee iuhpokom naaHe — c yneTOM xyaoacecTBeHHoro MeToaa, nameauiero CBoe BbipaiKenne b TBopnecTBe Toro h apyroro nosTa.
     B.	BnKepn peiuHTeabHO OTKa3biBaeTca ot noao6noro nyTH aHaaH3a. Oh yTBep*aaeT b CBoeft paöoTe, hto, xoth « b nocaeaHeM HTore Mnp0B033peHHe nncaTeaa ocTaBaaeT caea b ero TBoepnecTBe », « BCHKaa nonbiTKa ycTaHOBHTb TecHyio, HeoöxoanMyio cBa3b Me*ay mhpobos-3peHHeM aaHHoro aBTopa h ero tbophcctbom 6ernoae3Ha » (cTp. 384). EcTecTBeHHO, hto tbkhm oöpasoM CHHMaeTca caMaa npoöaeMa xyao*ecTBeHHoro MeToaa h ocnoBHwe nyTH pa3BHTHa nncaTeaa cBa3biBaioTca He c xapaKTepHbiMn aaa Hero npnHunnaMn BocnpnaTna n OTpaweHns aefiCTBHTeabHOCTH, a c TaKHMH BTopocTeneHHbiMH (JiaKTopaMH, KaK, HanpnMep, OBaaaeHHe toH nan hhoìì (JìopMon CTpo(|)bi. TaK, B. BnKepn npaMo nniaeT b CBoeii paèoTe: « BaiipoH Hamea cboh ncTHHHbifl nosTHHecKHtt roaoc He Toraa, Koraa oh npeoaoaea cy6i>eKTHBHoe pa30Hap0Baiine
      1	B. H. B h K e p H. Ila pane.JU IM e .iumepamypnoM pajeumuu Eaùpona u ÌJyiuKuna • American contri-bution to the fifth international congress of slavists, Sofia, 1963 ».