XapaKTepinya HanpaBJieHHOCTb m orpaHHMeHHocTb caTHpbi XVIII b., ,ZIo6po-jiki6ob pyKOBOflCTBOBajica nojioaceHHeM, hto HejioBenecKHe nopoKM npeacTaBjiaioT cc6ok> couHajibHbie, a He MacTHbie aBjieHHa, h hto ohm 3aBHcaT ot Beerò coctohhhh o6mecTBeHHO-nojiHTHMecKoro ycTpoiícTBa. B BH^y Toro, hto TaKaa ycTaHOBKa eme He 6bijia ycBoeHa caTMpHKaMM XVIII-ro b„ ohm npH^aBajiH OTpHuaTejibHbiM CTopoHaM >kh3hh 3HaneHHe HacTHoro, a He THiTHHecKoro. 3tot 4>aKT laioxe OTMeneH Ao6pojHo6oBbiM: « Bojibiiiaa nacTb oGmecTBeHHbix aBJieHHH He MoaceT 6biTb M3MeHeHa npocTO Bojieio nacTHbix jihh: Hy>KH0 H3MeHHTb 06cTaH0BKy, aaTb ,apyrne nanajia fljia o6uieñ fleaTejibHOCTH, h Toraa yace o6jiHHaTb Tex, KOTcpbie He cyMeioT B0cn0Jib30BaTbca Bbiro/iaMH HOBoro ycTpoiícTBa. HauiH caTnpHKH OTnacTH He xoTejiH noHMMaTb 3Toro, a OTnacTH noHHMajiH, #a He Morm Bbipa3HTb »1.
    OcHOBHbie MbICJIH /Io6pOJUo6oBa O CaTHpe XVIII B. CBO/lHJIHCb K TOMy, HTO H3o6pa>KeHHe HeJioBenecKHx HeaocTaTKOB b oTpbiBe ot nopoflHBUiHx hx couHajibHbix ycjiOBHÍi He Morjio o6jra,naTb HepTaMH nojiHoñ thhhhhocth. 3T0My cnoco6cTBOBaji H TOT (|)aKT, HTO, KaK OTMeTMJI /l06p0JIK>60B, OTflejIbHbie CaTHpHKH XVIII Bena, npHBep'/Kenubi rocnoacTByiomero crpoa, « He jik>6h/ih /io6npaTbca ao KopHa 3Jia ».
    BbicKa3biBaHMa nepeaoBbix pyccKHx MbicjiHTejieñ o campe XVIII b. cBHfle-TeJIbCTByiOT O TOM, HTO OHM CyZIM/IH O HeM B CBeTe MfleHH0-3CTeTHHeCKHX flOCTH->KeHHH COBpeMeHHOH HM 3nOXH H HOBblX 3a#aH, KOTOpbie CTOSJIH nepefl pyCCKOH jiHTepaTypoíí b XIX b. Ho ohh He yMa^ajiH 3ac;iyr CTapoii caTHpbi, a, HaoóopoT, neoflHOKpaTHO no^HepKHBa^H Bbiflajowyfoca pojib, KOTopyio OHa cbirpajia b 3apO*aeHHH H pa3BHTHH peaJIHCTHHeCKHX TeHfleHHHH, npoaBHBUIHXCa B npOH3Be-aeHHax paaa nncaTejieñ XVIII b. He cjiynaiÌHO B. r. EejiHHCKHii yKa3biBaji, hto pa3BHTHe pyccKoií JiHTepaTypbi XVIII b. óbijio TecHo CBa3aHO c caTHpHHecKHM HanpaBjieHHeM. B caTHpe KaHTeMHpa h apyrnx nucareJien ero 3noxH oh cnpaBea-jihbo ycMaTpwBaji 3anaTKH peaJIHCTHHeCKHX TeHfleHUHH, KOTcpbie, pacumpaacb h coBepmeHCTByacb, co3flajiH npe.anocbi.riKH fljia 3apo>K,aeHna b 30—40-x rr. XIX b. HamypaAbHoù iukoaòi, 3HaMeHOBaBUieñ co6oio yTBepacaeHHe h no6eny kphth-necKoro peajiH3Ma b pyccKoii JiHTepaType.
    TaKHM o6pa30M, 3apoacjieHHe caTHpHHecKoro HanpaBjieHHa b pyccKoii « cbct-ckoìì jiHTeparype » 2 aBHJiocb oahhm h3 rjiaBHeñuiHX hctohhhkob peaJIHCTHHeCKHX TeHaeHUHii; campa h peaji«3M (« BepHOCTb HaType », no BbipaweHHio EejiHHCKoro) pa3BMBajiHCb b TecHOM, B3aHM0fleHCTByK>meM coflpyxecTBe.
    Bbime TOBOpHJIOCb 06 HCTOpHHeCKH 06yCJI0BJieHH0H OrpaHHHeHHOCTH (b cpaBHeHHH c caTwpoH nocjieayK>meH snoxH) caTHpbi XVIII b.; to »ce caMoe mo>kho CKa3aTb 06 3jreMeHTax peajiH3Ma, npncyinnx TBopnecTBy pana nHcaTejieti Toro BpeMeHH. TeM He MeHee HenpejioacHbiM ocTaeTca cjieayiomee: OTHKmb He cjiy-HawHo Han6o^ee npaBAHBbie, nojiHOKpoBHbie h BepHbie AeHCTB htejibHocTH KapTHHbi h c6pa3bi 6bi_TH co3flaHbi TeMM nHcaTejxaMH, KOTopbie npn,aajiH hm campHnecKyio HanpaBJieHHOCTb. Y6e.aHTejibHbiM, Ha Haui B3rjia,g, AOKa3aTejibCTBOM stoìì HCTHHbi M05KeT noc^yacHTb TBopnecTBo TaKMX 6jiecTauiHx nHcaTejieñ XVIII b., KaK fl.M. 3>oh-BH3HH H r. P. JlepJKaBHH. Co3flaHHbie HMH CaTHpHHeCKHe o6pa3bi, aa*e npw M3BeCTHOH OflHOCTOpOHHOCTH XapaKTepOB H HenOJIHOTbl THÜHHHOCTH, HpeflCTaiOT 5KH3HeHHbiMH, npaB^HBbiMH, xyaoacecTBeHHO y6e4HTeJibHbiMH. Mto Kacaerca hx
  1	H. A. Zlo6pojno6oB, Hióp. co■/., rocjiHTH3aaT, M. —JI., 1947, CTp. 170.
     2	Kan H3BecTHo, « pyccKoii cbctckoü jiHTepaTypoñ » ì>c;imhckhh naibiBaji xyao*ecTBenHyK> AHTepaTypy co BpeMeHH A. A- KaHTeMHpa.
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