apare evident: nu avem de a face cu un fenomen apar^inind cullurii feudale, ci cu unul |inind de « a doua cultura », de aceastá cultura a maselor populare, care-fi gasea exponen^ii ftiutori de carte nu printre càlugàri, dieci de cancelarle sau inaiti feudali laici fi bisericefti, ci printre márun^ii càrturari din sate si tirguri, preocupa^i de a vorbi unei mase de auditori care, fie cà ignorau limba de clasà a exploatatorilor, slavona, fie cà ignorau chiar scrisul fi cititul in orice limbà. Nu putem intelege deci aparitia celor dintii traducen de càrji « canonice » pinà nu incadràm fenomenul in mediul firesc in care s-a produs fi unde el intil-nefte fenomenul similar al circula^iei fi traducerii apocrifelor, fiind legat de ìntregul complex de fenomene care au dus la constituirea acestei culturi ca o realitate distinctà fi nu odatà opusà culturii virfurilor feudale laice fi bisericefti. La nordul Dunàrii ca fi in sudul ei, bogomilisrnul a putut juca deci, fi a jucat, afa cum am incercat sà aràtàm in cercetarea de fa^à, un rol important care urmeazà sà fie tot mai bine precizat in viitor. Cercetàtorii istoriei culturii rominefti medievale, in orice domeniu ar lucra, vor trebui sà tinà seamà mai mult decit s-a fàcut pinà acum de influenza exercitatà asupra noastrà de càtre cea dintii ideologie fi mifcare antifeudalà de proporci general -europene, pe care o inregistreazà istoria. EOrOMMJ1 bCTBO M KVJlbTYPA HAPOAHblX MACC BOJirAPMM M PYMblHCKMX KHflKECTB ( Peno Me) Abtop oTTajiKMBaeTCH ot Toro aKTa, hto b HCCJieaoBaHHax nocaeaHHx flecHTHJieTHii nocBDiueHHbix 6oroMMJibCTBy, 6oJibiue He noaHMMaacn Bonpoc, CTOjib jkhbo o6cy3KflaeMbiñ b npouiJioM Bene, o pojih 6oroMHJibCTBa b pa3Bmnn KyabTypbi eBponeticKoro BOCTOKa h loro-lanaaa. nocae/niaa 3HaHHTeabHa» pa6oTa no STOMy Bonpocy (Eozomuacku Kitueu u Aeeenòu) Hopaana H »anona riOHBHnacb b 1925 roay. UccaeaoBanne Typaany, 0ny6jiHK0Bami0e b 1950 roay, HBjmeTCH spyaHpoBaHHotí nonbiTKOii b stom HanpaBJieHHM; oaHaKo, oho npoHHKHyTO npea-b3jitoìì h 0uiH60HH0fl Haeeff. Abtop HacToawefl paóoTbi, noKa3aB, hto apryMeHTbi b noJib3y 3HaHMTeJibHoro BKaaaa 6oroMHJibCTBa b aeao pacnpocTpaHeHHa caaBancKHx an0KpH(|)0B o6ocho-BaHbi h Moryr obiTb pa3BHTbi aaabiiie, noanepKHBaeT, hto 3HaneHne 6oroMmibCTBa xaK KyabTyp-Horo (J)aKTopa caeayeT BtiaeTb He b tom, b HeM ero BHaean ao chx nop Bce HccaeaoBaTejiH, a b caMoii 6ojirapcKoB HapoaHott KyabType nax 6o/iee caottHoü peaabnocTM h npoTHBOCToaweti <|)eoflaJibHoft KyabType. ripHMeHna iipn H3y4eHHrf cpeüHeBCKOBOH xyjibTypbi nojioJKeHHe JleHMHa o HaaHHHH flByx KyjibTyp b paMxax Kawaofi HauHOnaabHoii KyjibTypw, aBTop nbiTaeTca pacKpbiTb cymecTBeHHbie CTopoHbi npouecca CTanoBaeHMa cpeaneBeKOBOH nncbMeHHOH h ycTHoR KyjibTypw napoflHbix Macc EoJirapHH h noanepKHyTb BawHyio poab b stom 6oroMHabCTea. Abtop noKa3WBaeT, hto 6oroMnjibCTBO b 3Ha4HTeJibHoti Mepe cnoco6cTBOBa-TO yKpen.icHHto iipoTUBonoJioxcuoCTM Meacay (jteoaajibHUM cTpoeM, OTO*aecTBaaeMbtM c 06pa30M flbdBOJia, h napoaHMMH MaccaMH. Oho aaao MaccaM HacToamee naeoJiorHHecnoe opy*ne, nanpaB/iCHiioe npoTHB <)>eoaaabHofi M/ieo/io-thh, m co3aajio npeflnocbiJiKH aaa hhtchchbhoh rmcbMeHHOii m ycTHofi HfleüHO-JiHTepaTypHOÍi aeaTe.TbHOCTH, npoBoaHMofi cpeaw 3thx Macc. 3th fleHTe/ibHocib oTBenaaa HaMepeHH»M Hapo.ua co3iiaTb co6cTBeHHyio KyjibTypy, oTJiHHHyio h npoTMBocToamyio (jjeoaaabHofi KyabType h oKHoro npouecca (bopMHpoBaHHa KyabTypbi. 3tot npouecc mojkho npocaeaHTb no MHorHM HanpaBjienHaM. TaK, aBTop noKa3biBaeT, hto peJiHTH03Haa HfleoaorH» Macc (npwcymaa cpeaHHM BeKaM KaK (fiopMa o6i.acHeHMa Mwpa) Tax, Kax OHa OTpa*ena b (J>oabKJiope, hocht Ha ce5e caeabi bbuoìì Bpa*ae6HOCTH no othouichhk) k pe.THrno3HbiM npeacTaBjieHHaM (¡Koaaabiioíí uepKBH, xoTopaa aeaaaa H3 6o)KecTB h CBaTbix 69