interne ale [àrilor Romine, unde negutàtorii locali se impun treptat fi in cornertul extern. lar la ob^inerea acestui rezultat contribuiserà toti mijlocitorii schimburilor de màrfuri dintre teritoriile viitoarelor state feudale rominesti si celelalte tari, in perioada feudalismu'.ui timpuriu.
3KOHOMMMECKME] OTHOUIEHMÍI BAJ1AXMM CO CTPAHAMM EAJlKAHCKOrO nOJlYOCTPOBA B nEPHOA PAHHErO <I>EOAAJlM3MA (X-XIII BB.)
(PenoMe)
     rlpouecc B03HHKH0BeHHH H ynpOHeHH» (JieoaaJlbHblX OTHOUjeHHM Ha TeppMTOpHH pyMblH-CKHX KHHWeCTB, HaMMHilH C IX —X BB., HBJlHeTCH HaCTbK) 06mer0 npouecca pa3BHTH8 CTpaH Bajl-KaHCKoro nojiyocTpoBa m boctohhoü EBponbi. XI—XII bb. hbjijhotcji, b cootbctctbhh c HOBeü-IUMMH HCCJieAOBa H HH M11, nepHOflOM KpHC Ta JI.HHiaUHM (J)eO,uajlbHbl£ yMpe'/K/ieHMH B BMiaHTMH, EojirapwM h KhcbckoB PycH. B stmx CTpaHax h, b nepByio o^epe/ib b BH3aHTHìlcKo8 HMnepHM, ropoflCKMe ueHTpw iioctohhho oóecneHHBajiH npoH3BOflCTBO, npeaHa3Ha<ieHHoe jinx pbiHKa, h HrpaJiH BajKHyro pojib b o6Mene TOBapoB. IlpMMepoM MoryT cjiyaorn. H3BecTHbie ToproBtie cHomeHHs Bn3aHTHH c Bojirapwetí (eme c Hanajia Vili BeKa), c Pycbio (X b.), c MopaBHCìi, nojibmeii HJiH BeiirpHeñ BpeMeH Apnaaa. B 'iry iunpoKyio ceTb BCKope 6wjih BOBJieneHbi h pyMbiHCKHe KHMiKecTBa. B ceBepo-ayHaiiCKHx seM/rsx mtokho 6bijio HaflTH npoiiyKTbi, nojib30BaBiijneca 6ojib-uiMM cnpocoM Ha BH3anTHÜCKOM pbiHKe: 3epHO, Men, bock, pbt6a, cojib; h, Hao6opoT, MecTHbifi KJiacc (jieoaajioB MCKaji 6onec .aoporne TOBapbi ropoacKMX MacTepcxHx, 0C06eHH0 MaCTepcKHX KoHcraiiTHHonojia hjth flpyrwx ueHTpoB Mauotí A3hh h Fpchhh.
     BajiaxHü ripoHiBoziMjia o6MeH TOBapoB, c omioR CTopoHbi, c ropojiaMH, pacnojioaceHHbiMH no npaBOMy 6epery JXyHtm: Bhahh, JIom, PaxoBa, Hmconojie, Cbhiutob, Pycce, .Hpbicrop, KOTopbi noJiyMSJiH iipoayKTbi m3 cocc/ihmx 3oh BsaMen TOBapoB H3 co6cTBeHHbix MacrepcKHX. Ilo Bceít BeposTHOCTH, B 3tot o6mch 6bijin BTjiHyTbi H TeppHTopHH, pacnoJiojKeHHbie no JieBOMy 6epery /lyHasi. C apyroìi CTopoHbi, pyMbmcKHe 3eMjin bc.ih ToproBJiio 6ojibiue Beerò nepe3 ueHTpbi, pacnoJiovKeHHbie b yerbe Hynasi: H3BecTHbiií eme c X b. IlepencjiaBeu, rapB3H (Ahhoa^cumh), HoBHoxiyHyM, BHHHHa, KOTopbie o6ecneMHBaJiM no MepticMy Mopio cb»3h c xpynHbiMH MacTep-CKHMH KoHCTaHTHHOriO/lH HJ1M flpyrHX BH33HTHMCKHX FOpOflOB. K0HTp0Jlb MOpCKHX nyTefl BH33H-thhckhm, a 3aTeM reHys3CKHM (¡motom o6ecneHHBaji nepeB03 TOBapoB.
     06 3tom 3KOHOMHMeCKOM o6MeHe CBHfleTeJibCTByioT naiiflCHKbie MOHeTbi, apxeojiorHHecKHñ MaTepnaji, yBeJiHMHBiiiHHCM 3a nocjiezuiMe ro/ibi, rioKa3ann>i jioKyMeHioB. Kax noKa3biBaioT 0ny6nMK0BaHHbie (ao 5 Ma« 1963 rosa) MaTepuajibi, BMiaHTHiicKMe mohctw X—XIII bb., b ochob-hom 6p0H30Bbie, óbiiiH HañfleHbi b i3o6pyfl/Ke (b 18 nyHKTax), Baojib neBoro 6epera /lynaa (b 9 uempax, oco6eHH0 Ha nepexpecTKax nyTefi), b BajiaxHH BiuioTb ao ropHoro MacXHBa (b 14 MecTax), a Tak>kc b aByx apyrnx pyMbiHCKHx npoBHmmsix — b MojijiaBMH m TpaHCHJibBaHHH. Ho anajiorn‘inbie .aampoBamibie mohctw (b 6ojibiuHHCTBe cjiynaeB 6p0H30Bbie) 6bu™ b o6pa-meHRH b BojirapHH, rae ohh 6mjih HaRncHbi bo MuorHX MecTax h HHoraa b 3HaMHTeJibHOM kojih-HecTBe. CymecTBOBaHHe c X ao cepeanHbi XIII bckb eumicTBenHOfi aeHeíKHoft CHCTeMbi — BH33H-THÜCKoñ h o6meft 30Hbi aene*noro o6paiueHHH, oxBaibiBaiouiew TeppHTopHH Ha ceBepe h Ha (ore no AyHaio, HecoMHeHHO, no3BoaaK)T BbincuMTb nepeiiBH*eHne TOBapoB Me*ay sthmh o6aacTSMH. Cya» no OTKpbiTbiM MOHeTaM, skohomhmcckhh oÓMen HaMaJi pacm k XIII Bexy. H3 BanaxHH, K3K h H3 MoJiaaBHH, nepenpaBJiHJiHCb Ha tor: 3epH0, pbi6a, bock, cojib, BepoaTHO, h K0>Ka, cojio-HHHa h aepeBo: B3aMeH 3Toro BBO imiHCb msinHbie M3iie/ina H3 KepaMHKH, yKpameHH» (6pacjieibi, KOJlbUa, CepbrH, SUrOJinHOHbl, KpeCTHKH), TK3HH, BOCTOMHble TOBapbl (xjlOnOK, npHHOCTH).
     nocpeaHHKaMH o6MeHa TOBapoB Ha nepBOM 3Tane (X —XII bb.) 6biJiH BH3aHTHííubi (rpeKH), no3*e — 6ojirapcKne, pyccKHe Kynubi, neneHerH, KyMaHuw, a b XIII Bexe ocoSemio HTajibsmubi, noce.nnBmnecs b Bhmhhc, a 3aTeM h b Khjthh, HeTam Ajióa, MOJKeT 6biTb aa*e h b MaurajiHH, KoHCTaHue n MepuaBoae. 06MeH TOBapoB 6bin CKOHueHTpHpoBaH He TOJibKO b pyxax HHOCTpaH-Hbix KynuoB, ho h HeKOTopbix npeacTaBHTejieíi Macca ¿eoflajioB BajiaxHH h MonaaBHH. Kax 3eM.aeBjiaflenbUbi h o6jTaaaxejiH o6pokob h aapoB BOjibHbix nocencHueB, ohh pacnoJiaraaH npo-AyKTaMH, HMeBmHMH cnpoc b « SKcnopTe » h nenbraMH. 3KOHOMHHecKaji Momb PyMbiHCKHx leMe/ib OTpawaeTca b KOHTpaKTax, 3aKJiioMeHHbix b nepe reny33CKHM HOTapnycoM Ta6pH3Jib ah npeflOHO b 1281 roay: b nepnon c 27 hioha no 7 okth6ph o6be.M TpaH3HTHbix nepeB030K paBHHJic« 17094 rnnepnepaM. BHHHHa, pacriojio*ennaii, Bepoaino, Ha MecTe TenepemHeii McaKMH, co6paJia cyMMy
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