nepeflOBbix pyccKHX kphthkob, b nepByio oMepeflb — peB0JiK)UH0Hep0B-,zieM0KpaT0B, a b HaiuH æhh— coBeTCKMX HCCJieaoBaTejieH: « OGjia/iaH rpoMajiHoii no3HaBai e^bno-HCTopHHecKoii ueHHocTbio, npoH3BeneHHH BeJiHKoro peajiHCTa pacKpbiBaioT cTpaiu-Hbiii h OTBpaTHTejibHbiiì oöjihk Tex, KTo BJiacTBOBaji b n0MemHHbe-6ypacya3H0H Pocchh ... npoH3BefleHHH BejiHKoro peajiHCTa ynaT cTpacTHO HenaBH/ieTb Bce rHHJioe h oTacHBiuee, pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie npoflBjieHHH coßcTBeHHHHecicoH ncHxo-
JIOrHH. .. »1.
    Cjieayfl ocHOBHbiM 3aKOHaM peajiHCTHHecKoro HCKyccTBa h TBopnecKH pa3-BHBaa hx, Torojib HeH3MeHHO craBHJi nepea coöoii 3aaany pacxpbiTb cotfuaAbHyw cytifHocmb caTHpHMecKoro rrepcoHawa. ri03T0My b cbohx npoH3BejieHHflx oh h30-6pa*aji HeJioBenecKHe xapaKTepbi npeHMymecTBeHHO b iuhpokom njiane — icaic nopoacfleHHe counajibHoro yicjiafla. OTCìojia h noflBjienHe TaKHX iiohsthh, KaK xjiecmaxoeufUHa, MaHUAoeufUHU. He oiynaìiHo b TBopnecKOM MeTOfle Torojia HMeeT TaKoe 6oJibiuoe 3HaneHHe noflpoÓHa» oòpncoBKa hbuchh« Ha mnpoKOM (j)oHe oKpyacaiomeH fleìicTBHTejibHocTH, xapaKTepncTHKa counajibHOH rpynnw, k KOTopoii npHHaflJieacaT Te hjih HHbie nepcoHaxcH, hx o6uiecTBeHHoii cpeflbi, fleiajibHoe onncaHHe hx *CH3HeHHbix h öbrroBbix ycjioBHii, MecTa acHTejibCTBa — ropo/ia hjih aepeBHH, — BHeujHero BHaa hx jiomob, BHyTpeHHero yöpaHCTBa, oöcTaHOBKH, Bemeií, oflexcflbi, Bcex Gwtobwx MeJioneH, KOTopbie HMeiOT HenocpejicTBeHHoe OTHOuieHHe k xapaKTepaM rorojieBCKHX « repoeB ».
    ToroJib oòoraTHji peaJiHCTHHecicyio JiHTepaTypy hobwmh xyaoacecTBeHHbiMH npneMaMH, nocpeacTBOM KOTopbix caTHpa ôojiee rjiyôoKo h AeñcTBeHHO BCKpbi-BâJia HaHÒojiee cymecTBeHHbie counajibHbie npoTHBopeHH». EMy npHHaAJie>KHT pn/l OTKpbITHH B OÒJiaCTH CaTHpHHeCKOrO pa3o6jiaHeHHfl ! lipOHHHeCKOe « BOCXH-LueHHe » h « npeKjioHeHHe » nepeji hbho oTpnuaTejibHbiM jiBjieHHeM hjih nepco-Ha*eM h oflHOBpeMeHHoe npHBeaeHHe (J)aKTOB, CBHjieTeJibCTByiomHX 06 hcthhhom CMbicjie « noHTHTejibHoro » TOHa; cpaBHeHHe nejioBeica c Bembio, 3aMeHa ero BemecTBeHHbiMH npH3HaKaMn; npneMbi caTHpHMecKoro rpoTecica, nocpe,acTBOM KOTopbix peajibHbte hbjichh« h noHHTH» MacKHpyioTca 4>aHTacTHHecKHMH, ajiorHH-HbiMH; aoBeaeHHbiH ao Kpannero npeaejia KonrpacT MOK^y BHyTpeHHeii hhhtohc-HOCTbK) h mhhmoh 3HaMHTejTbHOCTbK); coHeTaHHe nceBfl0B03BbirueHH0r0 h cyryòo npo3aHHecKoro h t.r. BecbMa Ba^Hyio pojib cbirpaji l'oroJib h b oòorameHHH caTHpHHecKOH jieKCHKH, npejieJibHO tohho pacKpbiBaiomeH OTpnuaTejibHbiH xapaic-Tep coHHajibiioro h GbiTOBoro hbjichhh.
    HecMOTpa Ha to, hto Torojib-caTHpHK onnpajicH Ha pm aocTH*eHHH cbohx iipeaiuecTBeHHHKOB, oh 6biJi nepBbiM nncaTejieM b Pocchh, KOTopbiii oòcmoH-meAbHO ocBeTHJi ece oeoôeHHoemu counajibHoro 6biTa, pacKpbijr peajibHbie hctokh noBceflHeBHbix oTpnuaTeJibHbix hbjichhh, b tom HHCJie h komhmcckhx, H3o6pa-aceHHe KOTopbix oh cBssajr Beaymefi, o6beflHHHromeH Mbicjibio — 06 hx HecoB-MeCTHMOCTH C pa3yMHbIM HeJIOBeHeCKHM cymeCTBOBaHHeM. TjiaBHbie ZIOCTOHHCTBa caTHpbi Forojia — ee HepaspbiBuaH cBH3b c ÆeHCTBHTejibHOCTbJO, ee öecnomaflHO Tpe3BbiH peaJiH3M h oòjiHHHTejibHbiH na<j)oc — öbiJTH OTMeHeHbi, nocjre B. T. Ee-JiHHCKoro, H. T. HepHbiuieBCKHM: « .. .^oji*ho npHnncaTb HCKjiioMHTejibHO Torojiio 3acjiyry npoHHoro BBe/ieHHa b pyccKyro H3»mHyK> (T.e. xyaoxecTBenHyio — H.3.) jiHTepaTypy caTHpHMecKoro, hjih, KaK cnpaBe/iJiHBee 6y/ieT HasBaTb ero, kphth-necKoro, HanpaBJieHHa »2.
    1	M. E. XpanieiiKO, Teopnecmeo rozoA», M3a. « Cobctckhìì niicaie-’ib », M., 1956, CTp. 605 — 606.
    2	H. r. HepHbiuieBCKHií, OvepKu ¿oeoAeecKoio nepuoda pyccKoü .mmepomypbi, Toc-JiHTH3aaT, M., 1953, CTp. 19.
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