B.	Kmpiiothh npaB, Koraa b Bonpoce o pojiH h eyiuHOCTH caTHpbi oTBepraeT « ocoóeHHoeTb xaHpa », icoTopaa caMa no ce6e He onpeaejiaeT 3HaneHna caTHpu. Ho HccjieflOBaie^b aonycicaeT npccneT, He cwHTaacb co cneifu^uKOü campbi (cMexa, capKa3Ma, pacicpbiTHa komhhcckhx npoTHBopeHHH h t./l), aa eme npHnHCbiBaa cbok) TOHKy 3peHwa IUeapHHy. HeBepHbin Te3Hc B. KnpnoTHHa OTMeMeH b cobct-ckom jiHTepaTypoBeaeHHH. Me »ay npoHHM, 5\. 3jibc6epr yicaibiBaji, hto « B. Knp-noTHH... BOBce jiHUjaeT caTHpy xyaoacecTBeHHoii cnemicjjHKH, OTKa3biBaeTca BHfleTb pa3jiHMHe MeiKfly npoH3Be«eHHeM caTHpHMecKHM h jno6biM peajiwcTHHe-ckhm npoH3BefleHHeM dpyzux eudoe (KypcHB moíí— H.3.), b kotopom kphth-KyeTca cTapoe h peaKUHOHHoe »1.
    CneayeT no^MepKHyTb, hto ü. 3jibc6epr, cnpaBe/uiHBo BbicTynaa npoTHB nonbiTKH OTO*flecTBHTb caTHpy h pe3Kyio KpHTHicy HeflocTaTKOB, b cbok) onepeflb He npaB, Kor^a npn/iaeT campe 3naHenne oco6oro jiHTepaTypHoro Bn/ia. 06 stom CBH^eTeubCTByioT BbiflejieHHbie HaMH cjioBa b ero BbicKa3biBaHHH. rio HauieMy rjiy60K0My y6ea</ieHHK), caTMpa, oóiiaaaa cneuH(})HHecKHMH oco6eHHocTaivm, He aBjiaeTca jiHTepaTypHWM poflOM hjih bhuom. ÜHa ripncyma eceu poflaM h BHflaM.
    /ÍJia Toro, hto6m xyaoacecTBeHHbie npoM3Beaenna 6biJiH Hacbimenbi caTHpoñ hjih xoTa 6bi 3aKJiK)Majin b ce6e 3JieMeHTbi caTHpbi, pyccKHM nncaTejriaM-pea-JIHCTaM He06x0AHM 6bIJI H JIHHHblH aap — yMeHHe 30PK0 paCCMOTpeTb He TOJIbKO BHeiUHIOK) BHflHMOCTb (f)aKTOB, HO H HX CymHOCTb, H3H3HKy, npOTHBOpeHHBOCTb, o6jiaflaTb npH 3tom nyBCTBOM K>Mopa (b iuhpokom cMbicjie stoto cjioBa), cno-coÓHoeTbK) yBHfleTb 3a BHeuiHe cepbe3HbiM — CMeuiHoe, 3a pecneiaa6eJibHbiM
—	nouijioe h MejiKoe, 3a HMno3aHTHbiM — HHHToacHoe. OflHaico He MeHee cymecT-BeHHbiM, neM 3tot jiHHHbiH aap pa.aa nHcaTejieíi-pea^HCTOB, 6biJio to o6cToaTeJib-ctbo, hto hx o6pameHHe k caTnpe onpeaejiajiocb h caMMM xapaKTepoM BocnpoH3-BOflHMblX aBJieHHH, oGoCTpeHHblM BHHMaHHeM K COHHajIbHOH fleHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH, CBa3bK) C OÓHieCTBeHHO-nOJIHTHHeCKOH 5KH3HbK> H HfleHHOH 6opb6oÜ.
    C flpyroií CTopoHbi, kphthhcckhh peajiH3M, cofleíícTBya ymy6jieHHK> h pa3-bhthk) caTHpbi, caM, b cbok) onepeAb, o6oramajica eio, npHoópeTaji HOBbie HAeÜHbie h scTeTHHecKHe KanecTBa. CaTHpHnecKoe ocBemeHHe OTpwuaTejibHbix ctopoh COUHaJIbHOÍÍ >KH3HH HJIH flaHCe HajIHHHe HaCTHHHblX 3JieMeHT0B CaTHpbl B npOH3-BefleHHax nHcaTejieñ-peajiHCTOB npeiiCTaBjiajiH co6oíí oco6chho ocTpoe kphth-necKoe opyacne, c noMombio KOToporo mohcho 6bijio rjiy6ace pacKpbiTb h 6ojiee HyBCTBHTeJibHo noicapaTb pa3JiHHHbie npoaBjieHHa o6mecTBeHHoro 3Jia, b tom HHCjre h TaKHe, KOTopbie BHeuiHe motjih Ka3aTbca He TOJIbKO ao6pofleTeJibHbiMH, HO H Heya3BHMbIMH.
    B Wembipex nucbMax k pa3HbiM AuyaM no noeody «Mepmebix dyiu» H.B. Torojib BbicKa3biBaeT 3aMeHaTeJibHyio no CBoeií TJiy6HHe, tohkocth h Ha6jiK>flaTejibH0CTH Mbicjib, noMoraiomyK) Jiynme noHaTb HCKjnoHHTejibHo 6ojibiuyio pojib caTHpbi B KpHTHHeCKOM H3o6pa»CeHHH fleHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH H ee OTpHHaTeJIbHblX acneKTOB. Torojib nnuieT: « BoiieACTBHe yace flaBHO npHHaToro njiana «MepTBbix aym» ÍUIH nepBOH HaCTH nOSMbl Tpe60BaJIHCb HMeHHO JHOflH HHHTOaCHbie. 3th HHHTOHC-Hbie jHOflH, 0flHaK0 5K, HHHyTb He nopTpeTbi c HHHToacHbix jiiofleñ; HanpoTHB, b hhx coGpaitbi nepTbi om mex, Komopue cuumaiom ceó.n nyuiuuMu dpyaux, pa3y-MeeTca TOJIbKO b pa33tca.i0eaHH0M eude U3 zenepaAoe e coAdamw» (KypcHB moíí — H.3.) 2.
     1 SI. 3jibc6epr, Hac.iedue rozo ah u W,edpuHa u coeemcuan camupa, M3fl. « Cobctckhíí nncaTeJib», M., 1954, CTp. 60.
1	H. B. T oront, Coóp. cou. b 6-th TOMax, t. VI, roonmnaaT, M., 1959, CTp. 153.
10	- c. 456
 145