« 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTH » 1, CKOJIbKO B CTpeMJieHHH HapHCOBaTb ÒOJiee UlHpOKyK) H iiocTOBepHyio peajiHCTHHecKyio KapTHHy pyccKoro flBopaHCKo-noMewHHbero 6biTa.
    Pa3BepHyTbie peajiHcrHwecKHe KapraHbi oGmecTBeHHoro 6biTa nocpeacTBOM ero caTHpHHecKoro pa3o6jiaHeHHa npeaciaBjieHbi occöeHHO noJiHO b poMaHe Eeeenuü Onezun — rjiaBHbiM 06pa30M, b naToìi h BocbMoii rjiaßax. B naToii rjiaBc onHcanHe KOMunecKoro oôjiHKa h noBe/jenHH rocTeñ b aoMc JlapHHbix aaeT nania/i-Hoe h flocTOBepHoe npe/icTaBjieHHe o counajibHOM ôbiTe h HpaBax npoBHHHHajib-Horo flBopHHCTBa, o ero HeBeacecTBe, nycTOTe, rjiynoM HBaHCTBe. Bbipa3HTejib-hocth h pejibe(j)HOCTH nopTpeTHoñ rajiepeH noMemnKOB co/ieHCTByei Mencaa caTHpHHecKas xapaKTepHCTHica. B paae cjiynaeB oHa npeaejibHO JiaicoHHHHa, ho flaeT HCHepnbiBaromee npeacTaBJieHHe o hh3mchhoh cymnocTH nepcoHaaca. TaK, HanpHMep, o6pa3 oTcraBHoro coBeTHHKa <t>jiHHOBa 3aHHMaeT Beerò ABe crpoHKH, Kaacfloe cjioBo KOTopbix TOMHO nona,naeT b ueJib:
                                 « TsjKeJibift cnjieTHHK, cTapbift iwiyT,
                           06*Opa, B3STOHHHK H UlyT ».
    YnoMHHaH, hto cpe/w rocTeñ HaxoflHjiHCb h « Ckothhhhm, neTa ce/iaa », riyuiKHH KaK 6bi noflnepKHBaeT TpaflHUHH caTHpw J\. H. 3>oHBH3HHa h oæho-BpeMeHHO Bbipa^aeT Mbicjib o tom, hto npoBHHUHajibHbie noMemnKn ero (Ilyui-KHHa) BpeMeHH HejiajieKO yrnjiH ot ckothhhhmx npe/jbwyuiero Beica.
    Æpyraa « MaccoBaa cueHa », b nocTpoeHHH KOTopoii IlyiiiKHH uinpoico Hcnojib-3yeT nopTpeTbi h xapaicTepHCTMKH, npoHH3aHHbie caTHpHHecKOH CTpyeii — 3to onHcaHHe Benepa y kh»3h H. (BocbMaa rjiaBa Eezenun Otiezuna). CaTHpHHecKne nopTpeTbi ynacTHHKOB Benepa noJiHbi capKa3Ma, TeM 6ojiee e/iKoro, hto IlyuiKHH HpOHHHeCKH Ha3bIBaeT HX « HBeTOM CTOJIHHbl ». J^UbciSl CÖopHLUy nyCTblX, HHH-TOyKHblX H CaMOflOBOJIbHblX apHCT OKpaTOB TaKOe nCCBfl0B03BbIUieHH0e onpefle-JieHHe, riyuiKHH HMeeT b BH/iy cjieayiomee: ecjin ohh cocTaBjiaroT « hbct ctojihhm », to hto ace roBopHTb o Apyrax — copTOM noHHace? npneM carapHnecKoro pa3o-ÖJianeHHH ÆBopancicoro oömecTBa nyTeM ocMeamia ero « BepxyiuKH », « cjihbok », 6biji BnocjieflCTBHH Hcn0Jib30BaH TorojieM, TypreHeBbiM, HexoBbiM. nocpeflCTBOM MeTKHX HpOHHHeCKMX 3nHTeTOB H XapaKTepHCTHK IlyUlKHH C03AaeT GblTOByiO H couHajibHyK) caTHpy, öjiecTame pa3BMTyK> TorojieM, a b nocjieayiouiHe nepnoAbi
—	meapHHbiM h TypreHeBHM. Cobctckhh Mccjie/ioBaTejib JI. B. IlyMnaHCKHH CnpaBeflJIHBO 3aMeTHJI, HTO, C TOHKH 3peHHa HCTOpHKO-JIHTepaTypHOH, aHTH-ABopaHCKHH naMiJuieT b TypreHeBCKOM poMaHe JJbiM npcACTaBjiaeT co6oh CBoero po,aa nepeKjiHHKy c naM(J)jieTOM b BocbMoñ maße Eezenun One zuna2.
    B pa3BHTHe h yrjiy6jieHHe peajiH3Ma nocpeacTBOM C03flaHHH caTHpHHecKHx KapTHH H 06pa30B 3HaHHTeJIbHblH BKJiaÆ npHBHeC M. IO. JlepMOHTOB. IIpaBfla, b HeKOTopbix ero np0H3Be/ieHHax, caTHpHHecKHe nopTpeTbi eme HanoMMHaioT eMKHe, JiaKOHHHecKHe, HanojiHeHHbie ezucHM capKa3MOM xapaKTepncTHKH, co3-flaHHbie rpHÔoeflOBbiM h IlyuiKHHbiM. HanpHMep, noxoacne Ha 3nnrpaMMy jiep-MOHTOBCKHe CTHXH H3 TaMÔoecKoü xa3Haueiiiuu:
                              « A bot yeîÆHbifi npeflBOAHTeJib Becb cnpHTaH b rajiCTyx, <J)paK no nuT AMCKanT, yew h MyTHbifi Birnun » —
     1	Cm.: A. C. n y m k h h, Onpoeepotcenue na KpumuKu. IJoah. co6p. cou,, b 10-th TOMax t. VII. Min. AH CCCP, M., 1958, CTp. 186-188.
    2	Cm.: JI. B. n y m n a h c k h 8, « jImm » — McmopuKO-Aumepamypimü onepK. Cci. M. C. Typ.eneea. t. IX, M.-JI., 1930, crp. IX-X.
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