HEP3HJl.HHy O PyCCKOM J1HTEPATVPE
275
         sepa h npoTHBopeHHH oTo6paa<aK)T ^ymcBHoe cocToaHMe xaommecKozo (noAiepKHyTo hsmh — M. H.) pyccKoro o6mecTBa, KOTopoe Bce eme HCKajio nyreñ h yéeacHiií» *. O TypreHeBe ace roBopuT, hto oh «cpe^H pyccKHX nncaTejieií HanGojiee eBponeñcKHH. Mo>kct 6mti» xiaace eAHHCTBeHHtiH no-HacTOHiiteMy eBpo-neñcKHH pyccKHñ niicaTejib. Bce flpyrae iracaTejin, ot TojiCToro ao ropbKoro, b 6ojibiueñ hjih MeHbnieñ Mepe hbjiaiotch MocKBHHaMH» 2 . HecoMHeHHo nocjie/i,HHH anHTeT onpeAeJiaeT MeccnaHH3M, rocnoflCTBOBaBiHHH b Pocchh b XIX BeKe. IIos-TOMy, OTTajiKHBaacb ot stoto nojioxceiraa, oh onpe,ae;iaeT, h b HeM hmchho ropbKHií cjieayeT 3a «cbohmh bcjihkhmh npe/imecTBeHHHKaMH» — Tojicthm h /Ioctocbckhm, nacTO HaxoAa «hcthhho HejioBenecKoe b MflxymHxcji flymax n0/i0HK0B HejioBenecT-Ba», a TaKace, ne.M oh ot hhx OTJiHHaeTca: b to BpeM», KaK nepBble nponaraHflnpo-BajiH «eBaHrejiHHecKHH p0MaHTH3M», no TepMHHOJicrHH Mópamiany, /iyma peajiHCTa ropbKoro «SbiJia CTOJib ace rjiy60K0 MopajibHoñ, KaK h ero npeflinecTBeHHHKOB, h OTCiOAa eBaHrejimecKHH xapaKTep ero peajiH3Ma» 3. AHajiorHHHoro co/iepacaHHa AOBOJibHO nacTbie cchjikh Ha /JocToeBCKoro, xoth 3T0My nHcarejifo M6p3HJiHiiy He nocBHTHJi hh OflHOH cneuHajibHOH cTaTbH. B Bocnpouseedenuu mcu3hu 4 b cBa h c TeM, KaK JiHHHOCTb (n MHp0B033peHHe) Kaayioro nncaTejia HaJiaraeT omenaTOK Ha ero TBopnecTBO, o ^octocbckom roBopHTca, hto jjusí Hero xapaKTepHa «pe-nnraa CTpaflaHHa h OTBpameHHe k H0pMajibH0My» 5, h aanee, hto «,Zl,0CT0eBCKHH H36Hpaer koh4)jihktm, b kotopmx HopMaJibHbiH HHAHBH^yyM Top/KecTByeT 6jiaro-flapa CBoew Tynocra Ha/i aHopMaJibHbiMH («Mahot»)» 6.
     /Ipyroñ xapaKTepHoñ nepToñ pycacoií JiHTepaTypbl, no Miiennio H6p3HjiaHy, aBJiaeTca ee CBoeo6pa3Hbiií peajiH3M — HacblHíeHHMH h npHnoflHaTbiñ. H3BecTH0, hto TepMHHOJiorHa pyMbiHCKoro KpHTHKa, Kacaioiiíaaca npo6jieMbi peajiH3Ma, HeycToiiHHBa. Oh HHoraa BoccTaeT npoTHB peajiH3Ma, noHHMaHHa nofl nocjieAHHM JiHTepaTypy, K0T0paa orpaHHHHBaeTca KonHpoBaHHeM >kh3hh 7. B flpyrnx BbtAepac-Kax oh, 0flHaK0 aBHo no,zwep)KHBaeT peanHCTHHeoKyio TeHAenumo, TpaKTya ee KaK CTpeMJieHHe nncaTejia npH6jiH3HTbca k n0BceflHCBH0CTH. B stom CMbiejie h HHTepnpeTHpyeTca b flajibHeHuieM pyccKHH peajiM3M, oco6enno, Kor.ua nncaiejib npoBOAHT cpaBHeHHa c apyrnMH JiHTepaTypaMH. O Tojictom, HanpHMep, roBopHTca, hto BenHHHe ero p0MaH0B onpeflejiaeTca TeM cfiaKTOM, hto b hhx «jiioah npeflCTaB-JiaioT, KaK h npnpoAa, CMecb flo6pa h 3Jia... b hhx pe^KH HCKjnOHHTejibHHe jihh-hocth, b kotopmx oaho KanecTBo oca3yiome npeo6jiaAa.no 6bi Ha# ApyruM». HHHero HCKjnoHHTejibHoro He coflepxcaT h cioaceTbl p0MaH0B. «3to KanecTBo
      1	Ifumup. cmambH, CTp. 293.
     2	B A pe de primávará— peueH3HH, ony6jiHKOBaHHOií b «Via^a Románeascá», 1910, N° 8 (Pagini álese, vol. I, CTp. 222). Ouemca BKJiwneHa h b oiepK Turgheniev (Pe marginea cárti-lor) ; «Viata Románeascá», 1920, nr. 2, CTp. 284—285.
      3	Pagini álese, tom II, CTp. 44.
     4	«Viata Románeascá», 1906, nr. 5.
      6	Pagini álese, tom, 1, CTp. 148.
      6	Tüm oice, CTp. 150.
     7	B TOMe Studii literare (EyxapecT, 1957) cocTaBHTejib yTBepacflaeT, hto b sthx BtiflepacKax M6p-)HJiHHy BKJiaabiBaCT b nonaTne peaAU3M coflepacamie, anaJioranHoe ceroflHani-HeMy itohíithk) naTypaiiH3Ma, hto MHe KaJKeTca He BnoJiHe tohhwm. H6p3Hiiany OTBepraeT He TOJibKO jiHTepaTypy nejioBeiecKoro naacHHfl h nopHorpa^Hio, ho Jno6yio flpyryra jiHTepaTypy, jimueHHyio blicokoh KOHijennHH o 5KH3HH. «MacTep, — roBopHT riHcaTejib, — ne KOirapyeT fleñcT-BHTejibHOCTb, a peaJiH3HpyeT cboio KonuenuHio o fleñcTBHTejibnocTH».