198
G. MIHAILA
BaHH»), OHa aouiaa ao Hac jihuii. b nos^nea pyMMHCKOñ peaaKUHH h b HeMeuKOft nepepaóoTKe. MTaK, OCHOBHbIMH naMaTHHKaMH nHCbMGHHOCTH, Ha 6a3e KOTOpblX HCCaeaOBaTeab MO*CT npo-BOaHTb cpaBHHTCJTbHOe H3yneHHe, HB/IH.'OTCH naMSTHHKH XV—XVII BB. MoaaOBbl, CTaBIIieft KOJIbl-6e/ibio epeanCBCKOBoft pyMbiHCKoft ncTopnorpa(J)nn. (EaHHCTBenHaa paPoTa H3 Ba;iaxnn, Koropaa aaer B03M0>KH0CTb cpaBHGHHH —- 3Kumue nampuapxa Hu(f¡OHa> HanHcaHHaa raBpnaoM, HacTOírre-neM AtJiOHa, o<}>HUHaat.Haa xpoHHKa o npaBXCHHH Haroe EacapaSa, oGjieneHHaa no nojiHTHnecKHM h nojieMHnecKHM coo5pa>KeHnaM b jiHTepaTypHyío arnorpa(¡mHecKyio (jjopMy).
      ABTOp, aHaJIH3HPyH /VlironHCeHk ua- TOAH HMÍ CA, Jlp^HHKOAEHÍÉMk E9iKÍÍM, íUoA,\J8CKai 3ÉA\AÍí
HanncaHHbiít npn asope h noa Ha6jHOaeHHC\f Cmerfiana Be/iunoeo, a TaKxce h coKpa-meHHbie BapMaiirbi, aonoaaeHHbie b pane mcct hobmmh aaHHbivw, K0T0pbie 6biaH ABaHcabi OTpe-/jaKTHpOBanbi b KaHueaapHH rocnoaapa b IlyTHe (Tas Ha3MBaeMbie nyTHCHCKHe BapHaHTbi I h II), ycTaHaBJiHBacT napaaeaH3M (JiopMaabHbix npaeMOB c K>JKHOcaaBaHCKHMH aeTonncaMH, xoTa Ha3Banne jieTonHCH h o6ihhü 3aMMcea npeaciaBHTb He HCTopmo o/inoro npaBjicHHH, a HCTopnio «MoJwaBCKOií 3eMHH», Hano.MHHaeT H3BecTHyio pyccKyio aeronHCb «IIoBecTb BpeMeHHbix jieT». (BnpoieM, nepBaa *SHa rocnoaapa EBaoKHa 6waa H3 KaeBa). CoKpameHHbie nyTHeHCKne Bapn-aHTbi 3aHMCTByioT Ha3BaHwe h Manepy nitcbMa y Jiexonacea «Bicparue» (cKa3aHÍe Bb xpaTirfe) cep6cKoro npoHcxo*aeHHa. lio CBOSMy o6bSMy, aHTCpaTypHoñ MaHepe h (j)opMe MoaaaBCKaa JieTonncb MO>Ker 6birb conocTaBaeHa c jikjSmm h3 cbohx oópasuOB, peanbHbix hhh ripeanona-raeMbix. B iieft orMenaroTca 3Tanbi h 0T3ByKH bc.ihkhx 6htb 3a He3aBHCHMOCTb, a TaK*e poab Mo-Wbhh Ha eBponeftcKoft apeHe b snoxy npaBJieHHa oanoro H3 BejiHHaftuiHx ee rocrioaapeíi. 3ia jTCronHCb noayHHaa mnpoKoe pacripocrpaneniie 3a npeaeaaMH MoaaaBHH b (JiopMe moji-aaBCKO-HeMeLiKOñ, MoaaaBCKO-pyccKoá h MoaaaBCKO-noabCKoS xpoHHK.
     KaHecTBeHHbiií CKanoK b HanpaBjieHHH 6oaee caoacHoro n0BecTB0BaHHa, co CTHjieBbiMH yicpa-uieHHaMH, c paaoM o6mnx noao5KeHHü, nopTpeTaMH a xapaKTepHCTHKaMH hctophhcckhx nepco-HaJKeü, b CTOpony HCTopnorpaiJjHH, paccMarpHBaeMOñ xaK anTepaTypHoe TBopnecTBO, npeacraB-naeT TBopnecTBO JieTonncua MaKapun, Bbiaaiomeroca KHHWHHKa, 3Haiomero KHH>KiiocjiaBaiicKHH h 7ipeBHerpe4ecKH¡í S3MKH, HryMeHa b Ha.viue, no3ace — eroicKona b PoMaHe h oítiHUHaJibHoro neronHcqa rocnoaapa IleTpa Papeuia, cbraa CTeiJjaHa BeaHKoro, h ero ceMbH (onncbiBaeT nepaoa 1504—1542 rr. b nepBoS pcaaKHHH u nepuoa ao 1551 roaa — bo BTopott pcaaKUMH). Ochobhmm hctohhhkom 3rTHTexoB h CTHJIHCTH4CCKHX o6opotob, a TaKace h 0Spa3H0M, KOTopoMy caeaoBaa 3tot aeTonnceii, ocHOBaBLunií aenyra imcojiy, aBaaerca XponuKa KoncmanmuHa Manacceun (xaK noKa3aa HoaH BoraaH). MaKapwe aBnaeT co6oíi caMbiii coBepmeHHbift h b hsbccthoh Mepe pa6o-aenHbifl o6pa3eu BaHaHHa BH3aHTHitcKOtt xpoHorpa(|)Híi Ha MoaaaBCKyK). IIpHBoaHMbiit (¡)aKTH-aecKHK MaTepaaa OTaanaeTca TOHHOCTbK) (iero He npeanoaaraa HoaH BoraaH), h opHrHHaabHoeTb MoaaaBCKoro jieronncua He pacTBopaeTca b 3aHMCTB0BaHH0ñ y ManaccHH (J)pa3eoaorHH. XpoHHKy Manapna npoaoajsaeTero yieHmca E(J>thmhíí, a b aonoaHeHHOM aBTopoM Bapnanre-Moirax A3apHü, KOTopwa no nopy^eumo IleTpa XpoMoro Hanacaa hctophk) MoaaaBHH or CMepTH Cre(()ana Papema (1551) ao BoexoacaeHHa Ha TpoH IleTpa XpoMoro (1574). A3apHii 6bia Henoc-peacTBeHHO 3HaKOM c xpoHHKoil MaHaccHa h noapa>Kaa eMy, coxpaHaa 0aHaK0 6oaee nocaeao-BaTeabHo cbok> opHrHHaabHoeTb KaK nncaieab. 3a HCKaioaeHHeM BToporo flyTHeHCKoro BapHaHTa h xpoHHKH E4)thmmh, Bca MoaaaBCKaa HCTopHorpa4)Ha na KHH>KHOcaaBaHCKOM a3biKe Hauiaa CBoe OTpa>fceHHe b pyMbincKOM xpoHHKe Tpiirope ypeice. Xora YpeKe npHacp>KHBaeTca Mecrabix HCTO>mHKOB, b to >Ke BpeMa oh hx 3Ha>niTeabHO oSoramaeT (JiaK-TaMH H3 3anaaHbix h noabCKHX HCToaHHKOB, aaB TaKHM o6pa30M xpoHHKy, Ha KOTopoü jefflx ne^aTh BanaHHa ryMaHH3Ma,a He BHSaHTHHCKO-IOKHOCaaBflHCKOH HCTOpHOrpa(J)HH, C KOTOpOft OH He 6bia 3HaKOM. riocaeaywmee noKoaeHHe aCTOnHcueB (Mhpoh Kocthh, Hoh Heicyabae h ap.) caeaywT TeM ace nyTeM, hocko-abKy npaMoe Baníinne BH3aHTHÜCKO-K»KHocaaBaHCKoñ HCTopMorpa(})HH Ha pyMHHCKyio opraHHTO-BaeTca MoaaaBHC XV—XVI bb.
     B BaaaxHH b nepBoñ HetBepTH XVII BeKa 6biaa npeanpHHaTa MnxaHaoM MoKca (1620) nepBaa nonwTKa HanHcaTb Bceo6myio hctophhj Ha pyMbiHCKOM a3HKe. PyMbiHCKHH xpoHorpaíJ) MoKca npeacTaBaaer coGoti coKpameHHyio nepepaóoTKy xpohhkh MaHaccna, nepeBoa h nepe-pa6oTKy caaBaHCKoro BapnaHTa xpohhkh naTpaapxa HHKH(J)opa, cepScKiix aeTOnticeil h Eojizap-CKOÜ XPOHUKU. TaKHM 06pa30M HeCKOabKO OCHOBHblX npOH3BeaeHHH BH3aHTHHCKOH XpOHOrpa(J)lIH h roacHocnaBaiicKHx aeToimceH 6waH nepeaoaceHbi Ha pyMbiHCKMi} a3MK. OaHaKO xponorpacj) MoKca He OKa3aa BanaHHa Ha nocaeayiomee paiBHTHe MyHTaHCKofi HCTopHorpa(])HH. Ha ochobc caaBaHCKHx hctohhhkob, MoKca OaHaKO onncaa 6opb6y Mhphh CTaporo c Eaa3HTOM npn Pobhhc,