346
B. monTEP^Hy
10
'(j)HJIOCO(])CKH H nOJIHTHHeCKH B MapKCe, SHrenbCe H JleHHHe1. H B STOM HCTOpH-necKoe 3HaHeHHe TBopnecTBa ropbKoro, 3aHHBiuero ocoòoe MecTO epean coBpe-MeHHbix eMy nHcaTejiew BceMHpHOH jtHTepaTypbi — 3oji», CHHKJiepa, PoJuiaHa, Æ. JIoHAOHa, AHaepceHa-HeKce h ap., Taicace TpaKTyiomHX b cbohx npoH3-Beaemrax TeMy paóonero neaoBeica. TBopnecTBO TopbRoro npoHHKHyro coima-JlHCTHMeCKHM ryMaHH3MOM, TeM ryMaHH3MOM, KOTOpblH n03T Mnxaìl EeHK)K Ha3bl-BaeT «Bbicuueñ (fiopMoii ryMaHH3Ma» h ÒJiaroaapa KOTopoMy ropbKMH «noaHaac» ao H3o6paaceHHa thiiob, BonnomaiomHX caMbie BbicoKHe Haeajibi nejioBeica»2.
    TopbKHH, npHHaaJieacamHÌi k KpynHeñiHHM MacTepaM cjiOBa XX Beica, BHec CBOK) JienTy b pa3peiueHHe oflHoro H3 rjiaBHbix ryMaHHCTHiiecKHX BonpocoB jih-TepaTypbi XIX—XX bckob — H3o6paaceHHe BHyipeHHero MHpa HejiOBeica. IlpH stom oh npnöeraeT, KaK mw yace otmcthjih, k caMbiM pa3JiHHHbiM cnocoôaM xy-aoacecTBeHHoro BbipaaceHHa. 3aMacTyio ero repow pacKpbiBaeTca b pa3ayMbe, ca-MoaHajiH3e, h sto céjmacaeT ero c repoaMH XI,ocToeBCKoro h Jl. TojiCToro. B pacicpbi-THH BHyTpeHHero MHpa ropbKOBCKoro repon ôojibuiaa pojib oTBoaHTca BHyTpeH-HeMy MOHOJiory, c ero tohkhmh, hohth He3aMeTHbiMH nepexoaaMH ot Heco6-CTBeHHO-npHMOH pena repoa k aBTopcKOMy noBecTBOBaHHio. Heco6cTBeHHO-npaMaa penb, npHcyTCTByiomaa b rip0H3BeaeHH«x TopbKoro h b BHae SMOHHOHajibHO-, OKpauieHHblX BOnpOCHTejIbHblX H BOCKIIHHaTenbHblX OÖÖpOTOB — Pa3Be M03CH0, pa3Be xopomo acHTb TaK; Ä He X04y acHTb TaKoii acH3Hbio... Sto MHe acHO, — He xoqy; a He oahh Ha seMJie h — He nponaay; — a — KaK acHTb HHane, Kyaa hath? h t. a. — nacTO BCTpenaacb b ero npoH3BeaeHHax, BBoaaT HHTaTeaa Henocpea-ctbshho b ctjjepy nyBCTBOBaHHH repoa, npnaaeT BMecTe c TeM B3BOJiHOBaHHOCTb, SKcnpeccHBHyio OKpameHHOCTb BceMy noBecTBOBamno, OTpa*aa BMecTe c BHy-TpeHHHMH MOHOJioraMH ycjioxcHHBUiHHca MHp neiiOBeKa, npeHcnojiHeHHoro bcjih-Koro HenoKoa CBoero BpeMeHH, ero HCfcaHHÖ h Haaeaca.
    Ho eme name ropbKOBCKHH nojio*HTejibHbiH repoii pacFcpbiBaerca b aeñ-CTBHH, b nocTynKax, h6o Ha ropbKOBCKOM 3HaMeHH ryMaHH3Ma b KanecTBe aeBH3a 6bum HanHcaHbi cjiOBa aKTHBHOH JHOÖBH k HejioBeKy: «K >kh3hh, k >kh3hh. Haao pacTBopHTb b Heu Bce, HTo ecTb xopòmero, HejiOBenbero b Hamnx cepauax h mo3-rax»3, npnsbiBaji nncaTenb. H oh co3aaeT o6pa3w jnoaeii, OTaaioumx jhouhm -«jiynuiHe KycKH CBoero cepaua». 3to h jiereHflapHbm ÆaHKO, h aBTo6Horpacj)HHecKHH repoii, npomeauiHÌi nepes MHoacecTBO ero paccica30B h nojiyHHBuiHH coBepiueHHyio <J)opMy b aBT06H0rpa4>H4ecK0H tphjiothh, Bceraa ctohhihh He 6okom, a «jihhom k JHOUHM», sto, HaKOHeu, o6pa3bi SopuoB 3a cnacTbe Hapoaa, npoTOTHnbi KOTopbix OH HaXOAHJI B CaMOÌÌ pyCCKOH fleiiCTBHTejIbHOCTH.
    ropbKOBCKHÌi repoii b STOM CMbicjie »BjiaeTca npeauiecTBeHHHKOM o6pa3a jiKxaeìi — BocnHTaTejieH (KaKHMH CTajiH Kjimhkob «typMaHOBa, JIcbhhcoh 4>aAeeBa, KypHjiOB JleoHOBa h ap-)- ropbKOBCKHH repoii, ecjiH eme He nepea oòmecTBOM, to oh OTBenaeT nepea CBoeii coBecTbio 3a moaeü, c KOTopbiMH crajiKHBaeT ero
>KH3Hb.
1	Cm. A. B. ilynaiapcKHä, PyccKan Aumepamypa, MocKBa, THXJI, 1947, CTp. 392 —
393.
     2	Cm. «Contemporanul», nr. 24, 1951.
3M. r o p b k H Ï, Codpanue coHunemm e 30 moMax, t. 13, MocKBa, THXJI, 1951, CTp.
304.