5
TYMAHH3M rOPbKOTO
341
/],ejio b tom, — KaKOBHM aBjiaeTca OTnpaBHOH nyHKT xyaojKHHKa. /Jjia ropbxoro 3TO Bceraa peajibHbm MHp, ero HcicyccTBo Bcer.ua HMejio rjiyGoKHe KopHH b caMoñ aeHCTBHTejibHOCTH. H Kor.ua TopbKHH 3amHmaeT HCKyccTBO, HMeiomee CBoeñ onopoñ peaabHOCTb, oh aKTyajrieH h ceHHac. ropbKHH aKTHBHO BbicTynaji npOTHB npOTHBOnOCTaBJieHHH C06cTBeHH0r0 MHpa XyflOJKHHKa oSteKTHBHOH fleilCT-BHTeJIbHOCTH, HÓO CHHTaJI, MTO BHe 3TOÍÍ .UeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH HejlOBeK OKa3bIBaeTCH Heno3HaBaeM. Ho «KaK 6bi 3aTeñjiHBo oh He BbiayMbiBaji ee6a, Bce TaKH ocTaeTca coHHajibHOH eaHHHHeñ, a He kocmhhcckoh, n0fl06H0 njiaHeTaM»1, — nncaji ropbKHH b 1934 rofly, b KOHue CBoero TBopnecKoro nyTH, a KaaceTca, hto oh np0A0ji)KaeT cboh cnop, HanaTbiH b Hanajie Harnero Bexa c JI. AH.upeeBbiM, Kor.ua oh nneaji, mto OT/iejienne anapeeBCKoro repon ot .ueñcTBHTejibHocTH jrnuiaeT ero «TparH3Ma, njiOTH h KpoBH» h noKa3biBaeT HenoBeKa «HHace h cjiaóee, neM oh ecTb b /ichctbh-TenbHOCTH, MeHee HHTepecHbiM»2. 3th nocjieflHHe cjiOBa 3H3mhjih Hpe3BbinaHH0 MHoro ají a TopbKoro.
    fljia Hero hmchho peajibHbiñ 3eMHoñ nejioBeK 6bui TeM, hto HeycTaHHO BjieKjio ero BHHMaHHe, 6y.UH.uo TBopnecKHH HHTepec, cjiy>KHJio hctomhhkom HHor.ua 6ojih h THeBa, ho name BoexHmeHHa ero TBopnecKHMH en0C06H0CTaMH. Oh Mor 6bi CKa3aTb BMecTe c TéTe: «3,uecb Ha 3eMJie, ambyt moh CTpeMJieHba, ¡/Ron cojihhcm, 3flecb, moh MyneHba».
    BjiaropoflHaa uenb ncKyccTBa, KaK ee BH^eJi TopbKHíi, — OTpaacaTb «Bce 3ByKH 5KH3HH — Becb CMex, Bce cjie3bi h rojioca ee». ropbKHH Bcer.ua BbiCTynaji 3a pacum-peHHe Kpyra Ha6jno,ueHHH .ueHCTBHTejibHOCTH, 3a uinpoKoe BcecTopoHHee H3yneHHe ee. Ecjih 3a hto h ynpexaeT oh pyccKoro KJiaccHHecKoro nncaTejia, TaK 3to 3a to, hto ero TeMaTHKa 6biJia Heu0CTaT0HH0 Bceo6beMjiK>ma. B 30—50-e toam, nncaji ropbKHH, — «Ha BepxHeñ h CpcflHGH Bojire pa6oTajiH Gojibuine ibicann 6ypjraK0B, H3 hhx OTceHBajiHOb uiaiÍKH pa360HHHK0B; KpenocTHbie KpecTbflHe 6eacajiH Ha ior, b HoBopoccHio; npoHcxoAHJiH «KapTO({)eabHbie GyTHbi»; meBenHJiHCb pa6oHHe Ka-3eHHbix 3aBoaoB; xuHpoKO pa3BHBajiocb ceKTaHCTBo; KpecTbaHe Mockobckoíí o6jiacTH BbiflejiHflH H3 CBoen cpe/ibi opraHH3aTopoB TeKCTHjibHoro flejia h Boo6me npoMbim-jieHHOCTH. CoBepuiajioeb eme MHoroe, Mezo Aumepamypa mozo epeMettu ne 3a.we-muAa»3. (JloflHepKHyTO HaMH — B.III.).
    CaM nncaTejib, omymaa noTpeGHocTb KaK moncho jiyHiue y3HaTb a<H3Hb CBoeñ CTpaHbi, CBoero Hapoua, npeanpHHHMaeT b 1891—92 roaax CBoe CTpaHCTBOBaHHe no Pocchh, KOTopoe TaK mhoto aaJio ero TBopnecTBy no3flHee.
    Ho, BMecTe c TeM, TBopnecTBO TopbKoro HHKor.ua He 3aMbiKajiocb paMKaMH xyao)KecTBeHHoro BocnpnaTHa (JiaKTOB aeHCTBHTejibHOCTH, a cjiywHno yTBepac/ieHHio xyaoKecTBeHHoií npaBflbi. üpH3biBaa k no3HaHHio 4>3ktob .UeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH, oh noflHepKHBaji, hto «(JrnKT — eme He bch npaB.ua»4.
    Mnp, OTKpbiBaiomHHca B3opy nncaTejia, Heo6taTeH. IlHcaTejib .uojihcch yMeTb Bbi6paTb H3 Hero to, hto OTBenaeT CTpyHaM ero ayinn. llpeucTaBHTejiH «noTOKa C03HaHHa» HaiHHX flHeíí hmckdt hhoh TBopnecKHH npHHHHn: ohh He BbtónpaiOT, a c (J)0T0rpa(f)HHecK0H TOHHOCTbK) (J)HKCHpyK)T oKpyacaiomyio Hac BHUHMyio peajib-
1	M. T opiKHií. Coópauue conunetntü e 30 moMax, t. 27, MocKBa, TUXH, 1953, CTp. 309.
     2	JIumepamypHoe HacAedcmeo, t. 72, ropbKuü u JleoHud Andpeee. Heu3óannaM nepenucna, MocKBa, H3A-BO «HayKa», 1965, CTp. 278.
3	M. ropiKHí, Coñpamte commeHUÜ e 30 moMax, r. 25, MocKBa, rHXJl, 1S53. CTp. 249.
     4	Tüm ace, t. 26, CTp. 296.