326
TATB3HA HHKOJIECKy
16
    Pa3.BHBaacb 6bicxpo no nyxn peajnoMa, ycneurao ocBaHBaa flocxHaceHHa eB-poneñcKOH jiHxepaxypbi b o6.nacxn poMaHa h apaMbi, cxpeMacb k CMejibiM h ca-MocToaTenbHbiM noncKaM, k H0BaT0pcTBy, pyMbincKaa jinxepaxypa kohlui 19 b. He Morjia npoHTH mhmo xy,qoacecxBeHHoro onbiTa TaKHX nncaTeneH KaK Torojib, TypreHeB, ^octocbckhh, Tojicxoh, Hcxob, ropbKHH. B oco6chhocth cjieflyex ot-MeTHXt 3íiaxeHHe onbixa pyccKHX nHCaxejieií b oSjiacxn poMaHa acaHp, b KoxopoM ohh nojib30BajiHCb orpoMHWM aBxopHxeTOM h Ha 3anaae (bo <í>pannHH, b Fep-MaHHH, b AHrjiHH). B 70-bie — 80-bie rr. npouinoro cxojiexna Mbi MoaceM oxMe-THXb TOJibKO nepBbie iuarn b oS.xacxn pyMbiHCKoro poMaHa, o^uaKO ace BCKope nocjie 3Toro ero pa3BHxne no lux o GbicTpbiM tcmiiom h yBemajiocb 3HaHHxejib-hhmh aocxH/KeHHHMH b XBopqecxBe ^yHjiny 3a.MC¡)Hp;cKy, Mnxanjia Ca^oBaHy, MoHa ArapGHHaHy, Fajibi ranaKTHOHa h t. r. TBopnecKHe ypoKH h oxKpbixna pyccKHX pOMaHHCXOB BOCnpHHHMaHHCb B PyMbIHHH C aCHBBIM HHXepeCOM, C He-coMHeHHHM BHHMaHHeM, o HeM CBHfleTejibCXByex JiHxepaTypHaa 6opb6a KOHna
19	b., b neHxpe kotopoh CToax HeoflHOKpaxHO HMeHa TojicToro hjih /JocToeB-CKoro, BocxopaceHHaa ouenica cohhhchhh: TypreneBa mhothmh nucaxejraMH, a Taicace Hcn0Jib30BaHHe b pane c.iynaeB ontixa h flocTHaceHHH bkahchluhx pyccKHX npea-cxaBHTejien poMaHa (xaK, HanpHMep, xnn TOJicTOBCKoro MHoronjiaHOBoro poMaHa h unten K0M3HeuixeH0B ^ymiHy 3aM(|jnpecKy; poMaH H. ArspSnnaHy 3clkoh nnomu h ero CBH3B c poMaHOM Ama Kapznuna; ncHxojxorHHeCKHe npneMbi b MaHepe /Jo-CToeBCKoro b noBecxn Cmcm/iuean Mejibnuifa H. CnaBHHa; TypreHeBCKHH kojiopht neKOTopbix poMaHOB T. ^eMexpecKy h Abena HSpanjiany1).
    ToacflecTBeHHbiií nponecc M0acH0 OTMexnxb h fljia HeKoxopbix cnaBaHCKHX jih-TepaTyp (tcihckoh, cjiOBaHKOH, cepGcKoñ, cjiobchckoh, óojirapcKoií), K0T0pbie npo-ihjih nepe3 fljiHTenbHHH nepnofl yBJieneHHa p0MaHXH3M0M h Jinuib b Konue Beica o6paxHJiHCb k peajiH3My, onnpaacb b cbohx noncKax Ha TBopnecKHH npHMep Typre-HeBa, floexoeBCKoro, Tojicxoro h t. fl.2 Bjiaro^apa CBoeMy MomHOMy peajiH3My, yxBepacAaeMMM B03BbiuieHHbiM H^eajiaM, cbohm xy,noacecxBeHHbiM aocxoHHcrBaM, jiyMixrae npoH3BeaeHHa pyccKOH jinxepaTypbi saBoeBajin ce6e npoHHoe Mecxo h b co3HaHHH 3anaaH0eBp0neHCK0H oGmecxBCHHOCXH, b nepByio onepeflb, 4>paHuy3-ckoíí: «Ha 3anaae,— nncaJi b 1887 r. pyMbiHCKHH kphxhk KoHCTaHXHH Mmuie, b 0C06eHH0CTH bo OpanuHH, pyccicaa jiHTepaxypa Bouijia b Moay. B nepeBoaax H3 pyccKOH JiHxepaTypti <})paHny3Bi OTKpbiJiH c pafloCTBio HOBbie MyscxBa, uiHpoKHe ropH30HXbi, HauiJiH Momitoe, oparHHanbHoe cji0BecH0e HCKyccxBO, cxojib np0XHB0-nojioacHoe fleKafleHxcicoñ uncojie, poac/jaiomcñca bo OpaimHH...3. Tox ace nncaxejib, nepe3 HecKOJibKO nex B03Bpamaexca k CBoeií mmcjih h nurnex: «<j)aicx, koxophh HecoMHeHHO ctohjio 6bi noflnepKHyxb cHJibHee, neM 3xo .nejiaeTca, ?xo noflaBjiaio-mee BJiHaHHe pyccKoro poMaHa Ha bck> jiHTepaxypy Boo6me...»4.
      1	Cm. Hatny CTaTbto: K eonpocy o '¡Hanemiu pyccKozo poMaita óa.i paieumun pyMbiHCKoUnpo-3bi e KOHife 19 u 8 iiana.ie 20 «Romanoslavica», IX, 1963, cTp. 341.
      2	Cm. H. H. K p a b ii o b, }>k. cm., CTp. 150 h enea.; M. H. P w * o b a, Alimón Aiuxepii it pyccKan Aumepamypa, «JlHrepaTypa CJiaBHHCKHx napoflOB», 1961, Bbin. 6, CTp. 178 ;B. Bejib-
4	e b, Typzenea e Eo.ieapuu, Coi¡)na, 1961 r. h T.fl.
      3	Mifcarea ¡iterará in Rusia, «Lupta», 1887, 6 — 7 híoxh, CTp. 2 — 3.
     4	Toístoi, «Adevlrul», 1900, 18 hhbapa, CTp. 1.