242 MHXAÍi HOBMKOB 16 CTaHOBHJICH flBHO Ha HbKKTlHÔO CTOpOHy»1. JXJIfl BbinOJIHeHHa TaKOrO pofla 3aflaHH TpeöoBauHe thhhhhocth 6biJio, kohchho, nepBocreneHHbiM. Ho H3 stoto BOBce He cjieayeT oGpaTHoro, a hmchho, c oæhoh CTopoHbi Toro, hto THnHHHOCTb He-coBMecTHMa c ApyrHMH xyfloacecTBeHHbiMH HanpaBjieHHHMH, a c apyroii — Toro, HTO B H3BeCTHbIX yCJIOBHHX He MOTJIO 6blTb B03M0aCHbIM H peaJlHCTHHeCKOe TBOp-MecTBo 6e3 «thhhhhhx xapaKTepoB b TmiHMUbix oöcToaTejibCTBax». Kor^a «pa3-pblB HJ1JH03HH» CTaHOBHTCH TJiaBHOH SCTeTHHeCKOH UejIblO, npaBflHBOCTb H THnHHHOCTb ecTecTBeHHO BocnpmiHMaioTca KaK Heo6xoflHMbie ycjioBHa. Ho pa3Be MoacHO roBopHTb o «THnax» b tom ace CMbicjie, xor^a Mbi HMeeM b BH/iy, CKaaceM, komcahh MaaKOBCKoro, hjih coBpeMeHHyio HexucKyio flpaMaTyprnio, c ee cTOJib no/iHepK-HyTblM CTpeMJieHHeM 3aiHH(})pOBKH COOTHOLUCHKH C fleHCTBHTejlbHOCTbK) npH no-MoniH cjioacHeñmHX chmbojihhcckhx CHCTeM?2. HaM KaaceTca, hto HeT. fla KpoMe Toro b noflflepacKy Hauieii tohkh speHwsr motjih 6bi 6biTb npHBJieneHbi npHMepbi h H3 jiHTepaTypHbix npoH3BeaeHHH 6ojiee OTflajieHHOií ot Hac anoxH. Pa3Be «th-nHHHOCTb» nepcoHaaceñ ToHHapoBa toto ace BHfla KaK h THnHHHOCTb nepcoHaaceñ JJocToeBCKoro? HeKOTopbie zioroBopujincb ao «THnHHHocTH» rpoTecKHX nepco-Haacefi h3 Hcmopuu odmzo eopoda CajiTbiKOBa-Ille/ipHHa. Ho sto yace OHeBHflHaa 6eccMbicjiHua. OrpeMjieHHe k THnH3auHH, k THnHHHOMy b caMOM flejie npHcyma B öojibiueH Mepe KpHTHHecKOMy peajiH3My XIX BeKa, ho OHa eMy npncyma H3-3a cnenHcjiHHecKoro xapaKTepa smoeo peajiH3Ma, hcxo^h b cboio onepeflb h3 ero npeHMymecTBeHHO aeMHCTH(})HKaunoHHoro ñatoca. fljia «paspbfBa hjij7K)3hh», fljia «cpbiBanHK Bcex h bchhcckhx MacoK» oahhm h3 npejinoHHTaeMbix npneMOB 6biJio KaK MONCHO öojiee TOHHoe nojipaacaHHe oca3yeMoií fleñcTBHTejibHOCTH. Ho H TOTfla 3TO He 6bUIO e/lHHCTEeHHbIM npHeMOM. AHTHpoMaHTHHecKaa nosHumi b scTeTiinecKoìi oneiiKe æchctbhtejibHOCTH KaK onpeaejiaiomiiñ jura peajiH3Ma sjieMeHT, apico npojiBHjiacb h b cbhsh c jimepaTyp-HbiMH 6aTajiJiHaMH Koima XIX BeKa h Hanajia XX BeKa, b cbh3h c aHTHpea-JIHCTHHeCKHMH peaKUHflMM TOH nopbl, KaK H C BblCTynJieHHHMH B 3aiHM iy peajlH3Ma. H3 aHTHpeajlHCTHHeCKHX peaKHHH CaMOH aBTOpHTeTHOH H CaMOH IUIOflOTBOp-HOH c acTeTHHecKOH tohkh 3pcHH« 6biji CHMBOJIH3M. M TyT ace Ha^O nOflHepKHyTb, HTO no CBOeH CyiHHOCTH 3TO TCHeHfie 6bIJ10 TCMCHMeM pOMaHTHHeCKOrO THna. lïOJl-Hoe 6aHKpOTCTBO MOpajlH3aTOpCKHX H pe(J)OpMHCTCKHX HJ1J1103HH BCJieACTBHC BCTy-njieriHH KanHTajiH3Ma b HOByio, HMnepnajiHCTHHecKyio (J)a3y pa3BHTna, b <})a3y ero 3arHHBaHHH, iKflaiomHiî Hamy TOMKy 3penM5i, Mbi namjiH b paôoTe coBeTCKoro HCCJieaoBaTena H. A. Hep h ih t e fi h a, Hoeue nynui dpawamypzuu e HexocAoeanuu, BKJiK)ieHHoß b cöopuHK XydoJicecmeeHHbiü onbim Aumepamyp coifua iucmuHecKiix cmpaH, MocKBa, 1967, CTp. 39 - 78.