48
3MMJIb BPAEHE
6
Y. 3KcnpeecHBH0CTb, ocHOBamiaa Ha JieKcnnecKHx oihioíhuhhx
    CjiaBSHCKHe aaHMCTBOBaiiHH h hx np0H3B0AHbie BCTynaioT b 3HaHHTejn>Hoe KOJlHMeCTBO CHHOHHMHMeCKHX 0rm03HUHH, nOpO/KflaiOUIHX SKCnpeCCHBHOCTb1. Ca-MO COXpaHeHHe B pyMbIHCKOM JlHTepaTypHOM A3bIKe CTOJlb 3HaHHTeJlbHOrO 4HCJT3 cjiob cjraBKHCKoro ripoHcxoayieiiHH b ycjioBHax 6ypHoíí MOflepHH3auHH pyMbiHCKoií JieKCHKH nyTéM 3aHMCTBOBaHHÍt H3 JiaTHHCKOTO »3bIKa H H3 3ana/iHOpOMaHCKIiX jiHTepaTypHbix »3biK0B, hjih nyTéM co6cTBeHHbix o6pa30BaHHH no o6pa3uy nocjie;i-hhx flOJDKHO paccMaTpHBaTbca b 3HaHHTejibHOH Mepe KaK pe3yjibTaT hx cneuna-JlH3aUHH B nJiaHe 3KCnpeCCHBHO-CTHJIHCTH4eCKOM. rio6eAa CTOPOHHHKOB Kpaíí-hhx B033peHHÍí Ha TaK Ha3biBaeMoe OHHmenHe pyMbiHCKoro H3biKa ot ero Hepo-MaHCKHX 3JieMeHTOB — a 3to GbijiH, b nepByio o^epeflb, cjiaBaHCKHe ajreMCHTbr — npHBeno 6bi, n0MHM0 Bcero nponero, k ero 3HaHHTejn>H0My oSeanenHio b njiaHe 3KcnpeccHBH0-CTHJiHCTH4ecK0M. IlpaBHjibHO 3aMeHaeT KapaKOCTH, hto b Tex cjiynaax, Kor.ua nncaTejiH c noHHMaHHeM Hcnojn>30BajiH HeojiorH3Mbi, ohh He npHBo-AHJIH K HCTC3HOBeHHK) HX ÓOJiee CTapblX CHHOHHMOB, a, HanpOTHB, noejreAHHe npn-o6pcTajin, Gjiaroflapa cocymecTBOBaHHK) c hobmmh, ocoGyio BbinyKjiocTb, 3Hane-HHe HacTOJibKO Gojiee apKoe, HacKOJibKO ohh ocBeacanHOb coBpeMeHHbiMH BHÓpa-HHHMH, BnHTaeMbiMH hmh. Tan, «cjiobo ve$nic He CHHmiJiocb H3-3a pacnpocTpa-HeHHH HeojionoMa etern, noxtoGno TOMy KaK cjiobo tainic npnoGpeTajio HOByK) 3Ha-HHMOCTb 6jiaroflapsi cocymecrBOBanHro co cjiobom misterios»2.
    PaCCMaTpHBaeMbie B CBH3H C HX COBpeMeHHbIMH CHHOHHMaMH, He3aBHCHM0 ot Toro, aBjiaioTCH ohh 6ojiee CTapbiMH hjih Sonee hobhmh, neM nocjie/iHHe, py-MbiHCKHe cnoBa cjiaBHHCKoro npoHcxoacfleHHa (h hx np0H3B0flHbie) npeflCTaBjiaior, C TOHKH 3peHH3 3KCnpSCCHBH0-CTHJIHCTH4eCK0H, OCHOBHbie KaTerOpHH:
    1.	TepMHHbi HeümpaAbHbie no cpaBHeHHio c hx CHHOHHMaMH 6onee CTapbiMH hjih 6ojiee hobmmh, CTHjiHCTHiecKH MapKHpoBaHHbiMH. TaK, HanpHMep:
     а)	sarac «SeflHbiH» (< cjiaB.) HBJiHeTCH neiÍTpajtbHbiM no cpaBHeHHio c ero ch-hohhmom neziaBHero npOHCXOHCAeHHH pauper (HeojiorH3M < JiaT), KOTopbiñ pac-CMaTpHBaeTCa KaK KHHHCHblH3 H 3B(J)CMHCTMHeCKHH.
    б)	zapada «cHer» (cTapoe 3aHMCTB0BaHH0e < cjiaB.) aBJiaeTca HeiÍTpajibHbiM no cpaBHeHHio c ero chhohhmom nea (h3 yHacjieflOBaHHoro jiaTHHCKoro cfiotma), HMeiomHM xoacfleHHe b xy,zi;03KecTBeHH0H JiHTepaType KaK o6jiacTHoe h noflnac nosTHHecKoe cjiobo4.
     1	IIpaBHntHoe ripencTaBnenne o CHHOHHMax pyMMHCKoro «3biKa, paccMaTpuBaeMbix c Tosían 3peHHa hx npoHCxo*aeHHa, flacT, c nepcneKTHBbi jieKCHKO-ceMaHTHTCCKOü, paGoTa G. M i h à i-
1	a, ímprumuturi vechi sud-slave in timba romàna, Bucuresti, 1960, CTp. 255 — 261.Abtop pa3im-naeT neTbipe KaTeropHH CHHOHHMmecKHX onnoamiHM: 1) chhohhmw naTHHCKO-(<}>paKHiícKO- h T.n.) CJiaBHHCKHe (Hanp., pulbere — praf)', 2) CjiaBaHCKHe chhohhmm (Hanp., dihanie — jivina — gadina)', 3) chhohhmm CJiaBHHo-rpeiecKHe (Hanp., gradina — livadá), cnaBHHO-BeHrepcKHe (Hanp., ruda -neam), CJiaBMO-TypsiiKHe (Hanp., blid — farfurie); 4) chhohhmm CJiaBSH0-JiaTHHCK0-p0MaHCKHe (neojiormviji) (Hanp. ostrov — insula, ulità — strada, a zidi — a construí).
2	D. Caracostea, Expresivitatea limbii romàne, Bucuresti, 1942, CTp. 344-348; cm
o5	3TOM aTudor Vianu, Probleme de stil si artà literará, Bucuresti, 1955, CTp. 16, 18 26, 35-37; G. I. Tohàneanu, Studii de stilistica eminescianá, Bucuresti, 1965, CTp. 91.
    3	Florín Marcu, Constant Manee a, Dictionar de neologisme, Bucuresti, 1966, CTp. 528; flanee — DN.
     4	DL, III, 177.