320
TATbflHA HHKOJIECKY
10
HecKOJibKO no3ace, nocjie 1852 r1. TaKace KaK h b PyMbiHHH, b cjiaBaHCKHX CTpaHax HHTepec k riyuiKHHy po/iHJica b tcchoh CBa3H c CTaHOBjieHHeM HaunoHajibHbix jiHTepaTyp, pa3BHBaiomnxcq b pycjie poMaHTH3Ma, cnoco6cTByiomero BbipaaœHHio HauHOHajibHoro B03po>KjeHHH, HamioHajibHo-ocBo6oflHTenbHbix itaeajioB BnjioTb ao Toro, hto b paae cuynaeB pyccKoro no3Ta BocnpHHHMajiH, b nepByio one-peflb, KaK poMaHTHKa, #aace b ero peajiHCTHHecKHX npoH3BeaeHHax, HanpHMep, b CTHX0TB0pH0M poMaHe Eezenuü OttezuH2.
   CneziyioLUHH 3Tan b pa3BHTHH pyccKO-pyMbmcKHX JiHTepaTypHbix CBa3efi ot-HOCHTca k cepeflHHe 19 b., 50-bie — 70-bie rr. (npHMepHO 1850—1875 hjih MoaceT 6biTb flaace flo KOtma 70-bix toaob). B flaHHOM cjiynae npeflJiaraeMaa HaMH nepno-amanusi He cooTBeTCTByeT toh, KOTopyio b KaKOH-TO Mepe noapa3yMeBaioT, ho He BbiflBHraiOT OTKpbiTO CTaTbH M. Hobhkob h B. Mo6aHy HanenaraHUbie b c6op-HHKe PyccKO-pyMbiHCxue numepamypHbie cen3u3. B 3thx CTaTbax HCTopna pyccKO-pyMbiHCKHx JiHTepaTypHbix B3aHMOCBa3eii b 19 b. pa3,nejieHa Ha asa STana: nepBaa nojioBHHa 19 b. æo OôbeflHHeHHa KHaacecTB (1859 r.) h 3aTeM BTopaa nojioBHHa 19 b. (to ecTb 1859—1900). Hccomhchho, aaTa npe/uioaceHHaa B. Mo6aHy— 1859 r. — npeziCTaBuaeT co6oh 3HaMHTejibHbm noBopTHbiîi momcht b hctophh pyMbiH-CKoro Hapo/ia h bo npeflejieHnofi Mepe h b JiHTepaTypHoii 5kh3hh CTpaHbi, 0flHaK0 ace b hctophh pyccKO-pyMbmcKHX jiHTepaTypHbiii CBa3eii OHa, HacK0JibK0 HaM KaaceTca, He bhocht HHHero HOBoro. KaK Mbi yaæ yKa3ajiH, np0B0MepHee CHHTaTb 1848 r. noBopoTHbiM momchtom b oTHomeHHax c Poccneii Booôme, BKjuonaa h oGjiacTb jiHTepaTypbi4. B oflHHaKOBOH cTeneHH He cjieayeT paccMaTpHBaTb bck> BTopyio nonoBHHy 19 b., KaK eflHHbiH, uejibHbift 3'ran, TaKace KaK HeT ocHOBaHHH CHHTaTb 1900 r. pyôeacoM b hctophh pyccKO-pyMbmcKHX JiHTepaTypHbix CBa3eii, flaroft 03HaMeH0BaBmeH 3aBepuieHHe oflHoro nepHo^a h Hanajio Apyroro. Ha npoTa-aceHHe BTopoii nojioBHHbi 19 b. (1850—1900) OTHOiueHHa Meac^y pyMbiHCKoii h pyccKOH jiHTepaTypaMH pa3BHBajiHCb b nepBbie AecarajieTHa CTOJib otjihhho ot noc-jie/iHHX, hto 6biJio 6bi HenpaBHjibHO roBopHTb 06 oæhom eflHHCTBeHHOM nepHOfle3.
     1	Cm. H. M. K p a b h o b, Pomüh A. C. TlyuiKuna «Eeeeituii OneiuH» e c.wiirhckux jiume-pamypax, «JlHTcpaTypa cjraBHHCKHX napoaoB», BbinycK 6, 1961, CTp. 126; J. Badalii, Pouch-Kine en Jougoslavie, «Revue de la littérature comparée», 1937, t. 1, CTp. 198; 1. Dolanski, Mistfi rusského realismu u nas, Praha, 1960.
    2	Cm. H. M. KpaBitOB — yn. cmambn, CTp. 148.
    3	M. Hobhkob, PyccKan Aumepamypa e PyMbwuu eo emopoü noAoeune XIX eexa; B. H o 6 a h y, KpaniKuii ucmopmecKuïi oÔ3op pyMbincKO-pyccnux .uimepamypmix ceH3eü do o6be-dunenuH PyMtiitcKux KunMcecme.
     4	AMepHKaHCKHH HCCJieaoBaTent B. SzjacepTOH CHHTaeT 1848 r. aaTOH, Koraa OKaHHHBaeTCH nepBbiii nepHO.ii b pa3BHTHH pyccKO-cnaBSHCKHX JiHTepaTypHbix OTHOmeHHii b 19 b., KaK momcht pa304ap0Baima BCJieflCTBHe pcaKUHOnnoii iiojihthkh napH3Ma. Ho oh >kc floSaBJtaeT .uea b03M03K-Hbix BapnaHTa: KpbiMCKaa Botoa (1856) h noJibCKoe BoccTaHHe (1863) (Jhe Revolution of 1848, the Crimean war and finally the Polisch Insurrection of 1863 were landmarks in the passing of the Romantic era of Slavic solidarity — yk. ct., CTp. 46).
    5	<t>aKTM4CCKH, b CTaTbe npotj). M. Hobhkob a, PyccKan Aumepamypa e Pyubimu eo emopoü noAoeune 19-eo eem VKaabiBaeTcsi, hto nocne 1848 r. npoHcxoflflT H3Menennii, yTpaHH-BaeTca nacTHiHO HHTepec k pyccKoft jiHTepaType, ho aBTop He BbineiiaeT 3th rojtbi b caMOCTO«-TejibHbiH 3Tan: «nocjie 1848 r., 0C06eHH0 b ro^M KpbiMCKoii BOHHbi h b nocjieflywntHe roflbt, HHTepec k pyccKoft JiHTepaType naztaer; b pyMbiHCKoii npecce no>tTH He noaBJtaioTca nepeBozibi c pyccKoro, He BcrpewaeTca h 3HaHHTejibHbix ccwjiok Ha pyccKyto jtHTepaTypy. TaKoe OTHOineHHe ocraeTca, b oômeM, flo Hanajia 90-wx rr. npouutoro Bena. (Pyccno-pyMbiHCKue Aumepamypiibie C8H3U, M., 1964, CTp. 14). KaK mm noCTapaeMca «OKa3aTb b fla;ibHCfimeM, nonoaceHHe Meiiaereii b HaHaJie 80-bix rr., a He 90-wx.