256
MMXAM HOBHKOB
30
   C onpeaejieHHOH tohkh 3peHna xyjioacecTBeHHoe TBopnecTBo Bcer^a h mh-<J)0TB0pMecTBeHH0. Ho He Ha/1,0 3a6biBa ib, hto jiioooh mh(}> o/uioBpeMcnno -— h MHCTH<J)HKaUHH H fleMHCTH^HKailHa. Beflb B HCTOpHH HejlOBeHeCTBa HOBbie MH(j)0-jiorHH nopoHCflajiHCb jramb ajia CBepxeHHa CTapbix 1. KaK npeanyBCTBHe npaB,nbi jik)6oìì mh(J) 2 HJiH yfBep'/KAaeT hjih orpHuaer. Kanoro 6bi nporpecca hh /jocrarjio MejioBenecTBo b ycoBepuieHCTBOBaHHH cbohx opyflHH HayHHoro npeABH/ieHHa, CHJia hx Bcer^a GyneT orpaHHHeHHOH. Bojiee Toro — nocKOJibKy pacmwpaioTca bo Bee CTopoHbi — b caMOM ceôe h BHe ce6a — bo3mo>khocth nenoBeKa HayiHO no/niH-HHTb OÔbeKTHBHyiO fleìÌCTBMTeJIbHOCTb, ÜOCTOJIbKy OIKpbIBaiOTCJI H HOBbie oGinnp-iibie npocTpaHCTBa, KOTopbie oh stum nyTeM eu/ene moäct noKopHTb. Ho, hh-Kor/ia He yaoBJieTBopeHHbiH ,aocTH)KeHHaMH cBoero reHHa, nejioBeK npoTarnBaeT b 3TH Jie/iHHHbie h MpaHHbie 6e3AHbi, BTopyio aHTeHHy CBoero TBopnecKoro ayxa, BoopyxeHHyio BOJiineGHbiM (j)OHapeM xyao>KecTBeHHoro oTKpoBeHHa. CnoMouibio HH^paKpacHbix nyieii HHTyHLpra ncKyccTBO nepejiaer HaM ony/ia Bee to, hto HeflOCTynHO neB00py>KeHH0My rjia3y. rTpejcranjieima nojiyneHHbie 3thm nyTeM, He MoryT He GbiTb (JmHTacTHHecKHMH h, c oripeaejieiiHoñ tohkh 3peHHa, — HeBepo-HTHblMH. Ho, OflHH H3 C03AaHHbIX T3KHM 06pa30M KapTHH CII0C06cTByi0T fleMH-(j)H3auHH jiereiw, ycTpamaiomnx nenoBeica 11 npoMeTennecKH yTBepMcaaioT JiHuib MH(j)HHecKyK) Bepy b ero cnocoGHocTb nocTeneHHo pa3raaaTb Bee laiiHbi, BCTpe-MaiomHecH Ha nyTH ero Bocxoac/ieHHH; Æpyrne, HaoGopoT, BbiaBjiaioT CTpeMJieHHe ilCMH(|)K3npoBaTb 3Ty Bepy, 3aMeHaa ee hobhmh anoKajinnTHHecKHMH MH<J>aMH npH3biBaiouiHMn nejiOBeKa npe3peHHiio npocrapaTbca hhu; — KaKHeKor.ua ero npea-KH, ycTpauieHHbie GjiecKOM mojihhh, — nepefl bchhmmh, Hepa3peuiHMbiMH 3a-raflKaMH. npoM3Be,neHHa, npHHa,gjie>KamHe k nepBoii KaTeropHH, Mbi GyaeM Ha3bi-BaTb peajiHCTHHecKHMH, a oTHOcamneca ko BTopoii — HeT .
1	B CBH3H C 3TOM flHaJKKTHKOH HCH£3It03CH KÍIH B03HMKÍI0BCHHH MH(¡)OB, MHOrO HHTepeCHOrO
HaM 6mjio noacKa^aiiO paooToñ PoJiaHaBapTa, Murfiojtoauu(Mythologies,Ilapnac, 1957):«<I)opMa He nepeliepK»sacT cmmcji wmjia, a jihui& OTflaJiaeT ero, KaK 6m ocTaBJiaeT ero b pe3epBe. Co3¿ia-erca Bns4aTJieHH5, ’-tro cmmcji yMsp, ho sto KaJKymaaca CMepTb. Cmmcji TepaeT cboio 3HaliHM0CTb, ho coxpaHaeT acH3Hb, KOTOPOH noTOM nu racTca HOBaa (jjopMa MH(J>a. Cmmcji aBJiaerea ana cJjopM CB0e06pa3HbIM HCTOpHHeCKHM pe3epByapOM, HaKOnJieHHblM ÔOraTCTBOM, KOTOpoe MO*eT 6bITb npHÖJiHÄSHO hjih yjjaneHO no ycMOTpsHHio» (exp. 225).
     2	B poManTHHecKyio snoxy HoBannc ciHTaJi mbiJiu c|)opMoñ, noMoraiomeñ nejioBeKy «(J)hk-capoBaTb caoe MecTo b Mups». ripeACTaBjiCHHa npe;iKOB o npnpoae, ôyjiyMH «HenocpeacTBeHHbiM orpascjHweM Toro coctoaHHa, b kotopom HaxonHJiacb Torjia 3eMHaa npHpoaa», nocjiyxcHJiH cBoe-o5pa3HMM TOJiHKOM k npoiieccy no3HaHiia aomsfluiero no3>KC flo pacKpbiTHa «ocHOBHoro ypaB-HeHHa BeeJieHHOH, t. e. ee OTHomeHHa ko BCSMy, hto ee HacejiaeT» (cm. F. T 10 c zi o p Mythe et metaphisique, flap»:*, 1953, cTp. 22).