234 MHXAtl hobmkob 8 HCKyccTBa, HecMOTpa Ha npncymyio eMy Hpe3BbiHaHHyio pa3H0KajiH6pHÌÌH0CTb Ka-HecTBeHHbix ypoBHeH, Jiioóoe jiHTepaTypHoe npoH3Be,neHHe aojdkho npHHazuieacaTb, CBoeii AOMHHaHTOìi, k onpeaejieHHOMy HanpaBjieHHio, hjth^ojijkho 6bm> bo3mo>kho onpeaejiHTb ero MecTO b HHTepaxypHOM nponecce KOMnjieKCHOìi chctcmoìì cootho-rneHHH c pa3JiHHHbiMH HanpaBJienHsiMH. HHane flHCKyccHa o HanpaBJieHHax, Te-neraiax, xy/io'/KecTBeHHbix MeToziax TepaeT bchkhìì cMbicjt. HTaK, fljia pacKpbiTHa o6beKTHBHoro coflepacaHHa noHaTHa «peajin3M» oho flOJiHCHO óbiTb onpe^ejieHo mnympu JiHTepaTypbi, npu noMomii onpeAejiHTeneH, CBOHCTBeHHbix 3toh <})opMe HaflCTpoìiKH h moAbKo eù. Han6ojiee BepHbiM nyTeM k TaKoro pofla onpeaejieHHio HaM npe/icTaB.naeTca cooTHomeHHe peajiH3Ma c iipyrHMH jiHTepaTypiibiMH HanpaBjieHHaMH, h6o BHyTpH jiaHHoro «MHoacecTBa» (TaK KaK jiHTepaTypy b o6meM, KaK coBOKynHOCTb npoH3BeaeHHH onpe/ieneintoii CTpyKTypbi, aojt'/Kho cHHTaTb, no narneMy MeHeHHio, hmchho mhoxccctbom) nacTb He MoaceT onpeaejiaTbca HHane KaK tcmh nepTaMH, K0T0pbie ne CBoiicTBeHHbi flpyraM nacTaM Toro ace MHoacecTBa. Bot noneMy, KaaceTca HaM, He npiiBO/iaT k 03KHflaeMbiM pe3yjibTaTaM hh nonbiTKH onpeziejiHTb peajiH3M Jiauib nepe3 eMy npHcymne KanecTBa, hjih nepe3 BbicKa3biBaHHa Tex, KOTopbie CHHTaioT ce6a ero npeacxaBHTejiaMH. TaK, HanpHMep, b cbocm oóihhphom Tpyiie r/iaenbie eonpocbi Aumepamypnoù nayKU, nojibCKHH HCCJieflOBaTejib FenpHX MapKeBHH npaxo^HT k BbiBoay o bo3mo>khocth onpeflejieHHH peajiH3Ma b Tpex HanpaBjieHHax: KaK npaBflH-Boe H3o6paaceHHe acH3HH, KaK H3o6paaceHHe MoaejiHpoBaHHoe no aaHHbiM aeKcTBH-TeJIbHOCTH H KaK TMFIHMHOCTb l. Ho, KaK B 3TOM HeTpyflHO ySeflHTbCa, BCe 3TH TpH onpeaeneiiHa rpernaT TeM, hto He yHHTbiBaiOT Tex nepT, KOTopbie OTrpaHHHH-BaiOT peajiH3M ot HepeajiHCTHHecKoro TBopnecTBa. A, no nameMy mhchhio, asm Toro, hto6h Mbi MorjiH tohho onpeflejiHTb peajiH3M (b jiHTepaType), BbiGpaHHbift KpHTepHH flOJiaceH ZiaTb HaM B03M0»CH0CTb TaK »ce TOHHO «y3HaBaTb» H BCe TO, hto He aBJiaeTca peajM3MOM. Bot noneMy Mbi CHHTaeM maBHOH OTJiHHHrejibHOH nepTOÌi pea/iH3Ma ero anrnupoMaHmmuocmb. /Jejiaa sto yTBepacneHHe, Mbi HyBCTByeM ce6a o6a3aHHbiMH aoGaBHTb, hto BOBce He HrHopupyeM paa aBTopirreTHbix BbiCKa3biBaHHÌt, corjiacHO kotophm co-HHajincTHHecKHH peaJiroM BKJiKJHaeT b ceóa h onpe/iejieHHbiii poMaHTH3M. Ho Mbi CHHTaeM, hto b flaHHOM cjiynae xepMHH «poMaHTH3M» noHHMaeTca b apyroM CMHCJie, BHejiHTepaTypHO, c onpeaejieHHoii tohkh 3pemia aHajiorHHHOM TOMy, KOTopbiìi BKJiaflbiBaeTca b «peajiH3M» Toraa, Kor^a oh BoenpHHHMaeTea JiHiub KaK cooTBeTCTBHe c jjeHCTBHTenbHocTbio. P0MaHTH3M 5kh3hh, TaK Ha3biBaeMaa «poMaHTHKa», MoaceT 6biTb 06beKT0M peajiHCTUHecKoro xyaoacecTBeHHoro ot-paaceHHa, ho H3-3a TaKOH npeanoHHTeubnocTH b TeMaTHHecKoii HanpaBJieHHOCTH, npon3BCflenne He eTaHOBHTea poMaHTHHecKnM. Ecjih Mbi HMeeM b BH/iy onpeae-jieHne poMaHTH3Ma c tohkh 3penna 3CTeTHHecKoii, to He MoaceM He corjiacHTb-ca c TeM, hto scTeTHHecKaa no3HiiHa poMaHTHHecKoro THna 3H*aeTca Ha oTpHuaHHH cymecTBOBaHHa 06pa3U0B KpacoTbi b HejiOBeHecKoii fleìicTBHTejib-HOCTH. ^OCTaTOHHO H3b3Tb H3 pOMaHTH3Ma 3TOT KOMnOHeHT H H3 BCeTO JlHTe-paTypHoro aBJieHHa HHHero He ocTaHeTca. 1 TeHpHX MapneBHH, Glówne problemy wiedzy o literaturze, KpaKOB, 1966, cip. 255 B CJT.