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noAo6nocTi. hjih HenpaBflonoao6HOCTb, a 3a to, hto yMbiuuieHHO hjih hct, ho 3th aBTopbi npH3biBaJiH MHTaTejieH noBepHyTbca cnHHoìi k peBOJHOUHH. Hao6opoT, JJepeenH Byrama oueiiHBanacb nojio^KHTejibHo He 3a to, hto b CBoeìi coBOKynHOOTH AaBana nojiHyio KapTHHy coBpeMeiiHoii ziepeBiin (h3bcctho, hto c stoh tohkh 3peHHH peajiH3M ByHHHa 6biJi ;i0B0JibH0 orpaHHneHHbiM), a 3a to, hto Bejia k nepecMOTpy HeKOTOpbix yKopeHHBuiHxcsi, ho ouiHGoHHbix npeacTaBJieHHH o pa3-JIHHHblX CTOpOHaX CejIbCKOH fleHCTBHTejIbHOCTH. Hurfle — HH B MapKCHCTCKOH KpH-THKe, hh b MaHH(J)ecTax hjih nporpaMMHbix cTaTbflx nHcaTejieìi, ynacTBOBaBUiHX b npojieTapcKoii 6opb6e, Hejib3H 6mjto 6bi naiiTH b .aecHTHjieTHe npe/miecTBOBaB-rnee nepBoìi mhpoboh bohhc, — npH3biBOB k co3aaHHio jiffrepaTypbi, nenocpefl-CTBeHHO h no/ipoGno onncbiBaromc'H ocsnaeMyio fleMcTBHTejibHocTb. 3cteranecHM na<J)ocoM KpHTHHecKoro peajiH3Ma BTopoii noJioBHHbi XIX BeKa 6biJio pacKpbi-THe hcthhh o fleHCTBHTejibHOCTH, KOTopyio xyfloacHHKH BocnpHHHMajiH KaK cpe/iy, BpaacAeSuyio hx ycTpeMJieHHSM k KpacoTe h k TBopnecTBy, na(|)oc npojieTapcKon, peBOJHOHHOHHOH jiHTepaTypbi, coxpanaH o6jiHHHTejibHoe OTHOuieHHe k oyp/Kyas-hoìì fleHCTBHTejibHOCTH, Bce »e nepeHOCHji aKueHT Ha xy/jO/KecTBCHHoe euneAenue peBOJHOHHOHHOH fleHCTBHTejIbHOCTH, HaCTOHLHeH H GyayiUeÌf. ¿ipyrHMH CJIOBaMH, Bbipaacaacb óojiee cxeMaTHHHO : — ecjiH ^o chx nop xyqoacHHK cTpeMHjica noKa-3aTb h ;ia«e «aoKa3aTb», KaKoìi He .ziojiacHa GbiTb >KH3Hb (noKa3aTejibHbi b stom CMHCJie cjioBa FopbKoro o LIexoBe L), a npoTHBonocTaBjiflji fleHCTBHTejibHOCTH b jiynmeM cjiynae yTonHH (4>aKT, noflHepKHyTbiH h JleHHHbiM b cbh3h c Tojictmm 2), Tenepb xy;jo>KecTBeHHbie /lepsamisi ^eJiaioTca Ky/ia 6ojiee npoHHKHOBeHHbiMH: nn-caTejiH cTpeMHTca flaTb (hjih xotsi 6bi noacKasaTb) xyfloacecTBeHHyio KapTHHy Toro, KaKOH ÒOAMCHa Óbimb >KH3Hb, H eCTeCTBeHHO, AJ1SI TaKOH 3CTeTHHCCKOÌÌ 3aflaHH CTapbie npweMbi, ynacjie;ioBannbie ot peajiH3Ma XIX BeKa, 0Ka3biBai0Tca He-coctoiiTejibHbiMH. OTKpbiTO ycjioBHbie npneMbi, chmbojiw, ajuieropHH, napa6ojibi, rnnepGojibi, rpoTecK, Boo6me Bce npHCMbi, cnoco6cTByK>uiHe 6ojiee crymeHHOMy, 6ojiee cxeMaTHHHOMy h flaace 6ojiee a6cTpaKTHOMy H3o6pa>KeHHK> >kh3hh, Mac-
      1	«Mhmo Bceii 3Toii CKyHHOM, cepoii TOJinw SeccHJibHbix jivoaeii npomeji 6oJibiuoii, yMHbiii, ko BceMy BHHMare;[bHbiH mchobck, nocMOTpejx Ha 3thx CKyHHbix acHTejiefl csoeii poamibi h c rpycTHoit ynm6koìì, tohom mìii kofo, ho rjiySoKoro ynpeKa, c 6c3na.ae>KHofi: tockoìì Ha a ime u b rpyflH, KpacHBMM HCKpeHHHM tojtocom cKa3an:
     — CKBepHO bm >KHBc re, rocnoaa » (Coópcmue commettili! b TpsmuaTH TOMax, tom V, MociiBa, 1950, crp. 429).
     2	«yneHHe Tojictoto, yKa3biBaeT JIchhh b CTaTbe JI. H. To.tcmoù u ezo moxa, 6e3ycji0BH0 yTOITHHHO H, no CBOeMy COflepjKaHHK) peaKIJHOHHO B CaMOVf TOHHOM H B C3MOM r.iyÓOKOM 3Ha-hshhh stoto cjiosa». H aanee: «Kphthtcckhc aneMeHTH CGOHCTBemib! yronHHecicoMy ynenuro JI. TOjICTOrO TaK )Ke, K3K OHH CBOÌÌCTBeHHbl MHOTHM yTOHHHeCKHM CHCTeMaM. Ho He HaflO 3a6bl-Batb raySoxoro 3avt3HiHna MapKca, hto 3!ia>teHH3 KpuTHiecKHX 3,ie\ienTOB b yToritinecKOM co-Hnann3Me «;ronr b oSpaTHOM othout^hmm k HCTopHfeiKOMy pa3BHTHK)». Mew 6onbiue pa3B!i-BaeTca, hsm 6o;iee onpeaeneHHbiil xapaKTep npii ustMaei acaTeabnocib xex o6mecTBeHHbix ch/i, KOTopbie «yKJiaabiBaiOT» noByio Pojchio h Hscyr usSasneHMe ot coBpeMCHHbix couHa.ibHbix 6eflCTBHH, T6M 6bICTpee KpHTKHeCKHÌt yTOnH'ieCKHÌi COKHaJlH3M JlHLUaeTCa BCHKOrO npaKTMHeCKOTO CMbiena h BcaKoro TeopeTH'iecKoro onpaBAaHHH» (Jlemiit o xy.tbmype u ucryccniese, MocKBa,
1956,	cip. 108 - 109).