5
JlHHrBHCTHHECKHE ACIIEKTbl HEPEBOflA
401
nepBbix, aBJiaacb nenccaKaeMbiM hctohhhkom o6oramenna cjioBapHoro cocTaBa pyccKoro aabiKa, npe<J>HKcaHH» ii03B0Jiaex eMy b to »ce BpeMH BbipaxcaTb 6ojiee KOHKpeTHO, 6ojiee njiacxHHHO h 6ojiee skohomho caMbie pa3H006pa3Hbie oxxemcH rjiarojibHbix fleñcxBHií.
    TaKHM maronoM aB.naexca, HanpHMep, npncraB04HbiH rjiaroji noÒKamumb-. «K flOMy noMemHKa TpaGoBa nodmmujia npenpacnaa KOJiacKa» = «La scara co-nacului mosierului Griabov se opri o minunatà tràsurà» (4exoB, ffoub AAbOuona).
    O6pa30BaHHbiií ot rjiarojia Kamumb (’a rostogoli’, ’a da de-a dura’), npH no-moihh npecJ)HKca nod-, stot ruaroji, no cymecTBy, Bbi3biBaeT b HameM co3HaHHH ;jbc irocjieAOBaTejibHbie KapXHHti: 3KHna>K b ^BHaceHHH h SKHnaac b momciix ocia-HOBKH. /IpyrHMH CJIOBaMH, 3THM TJiarOJIOM KaK 6bl 3apHCOBaHbI OflHOBpeMeHHO H 3aKJHOHHXeJIbHbIH MOMeHT .HBH/KeiIHa (cOBnaflaiOmHH C MOMeHXOM OCXaHOBKH 3KH-
naaca), h HecK0JibK0 npeabiflymnx momchtob, npefluiecTBOBaBmnx 0CTaH0BKe. PyMbiHCKHH jieKCHHecKHH SKBHBajieHT ’a (se) opri’, KOTopbiM 6biji nepeseaen rjia-roji noÒKamumb b ochobhom Bbi3biBaeT b HameM co3HaHHH anajiorHHHoe npe/icxa-BJieHne. HMeeTca 0flHaK0 cymecxBeHHaa pa3HHua: rjiaroji ’a (se) opri’ o6o3Ha4aex cKopee pe3Koe npeKpameHHe ^BHaceHHa hjih Boo6me npeKpameHHe KaKoro-JiHSo fleñcTBHa. MoMeHTbi xce, K0T0pbie eMy npeflinecxByiox, He nojiynaiOT M0pc|)0JT0rn-HecKoro BtipaaceHHa h nonojiHaioTca MbicjieHHO 3a npeflejiaMH ceMamiiHecKoro iioxeiiunajia aaHHoro rjiarojia.
★
    ripe^HRcanaa, KaK oaho H3 cpeflcxB cii0B006pa30Banna, KoueMiio, He aBJiaeTCH HCKJiioHHTejibHbiM aocToaHHeM rjraroJioB, a Hcnojib3yeTca, b toìì hjih hhoh Mepe, h flpyrHMH HacTaMH pera (rjiaBHMM 06pa30M npn 06pa30BaHHH HMeH cymccxBH-TejibHbix, HMeH npHJiaraxeJibHbix, Hapennii h flp.), npnneM yace o^ho HajiHMHe npn-cxaBOK aBJiaexca npe,xynpe>KACHHeM xoro, 4x0 b noAaBjiaiomeM 6ojibiiiHHCXBe cjiy-naeB nofloÓHbie cjioBa mojkho nepeBecxn npaBHJibHO Ha pyMbiHCKHH a3MK riumb onncaxeJibHbiM cnocoGoM, T.e. nepn([)pa30H. IIpHMepbi: npocmenoK ’portiune de perete dintre douà ferestre, dintre douà usi’, 3adeopKu ’curtea din dosul casei’ 6e3Aecnbiü ’fàrà pàduri, lipsit de pàduri, sàrac in pàduri’, npudopoMcmm ’de lingà drum’, 3aouHbiü ’farà frccventà’ h ap.
    npn nepeBoae c pyccKoro a3biKa Ha pyMbiHCKHH HaGjno/iaexca He Jinuiemioe HHxepeca a3biK0B0e aBjieHHe, cocxoamee b xom, 4x0 oTrjiarojiHbie HMeHa cyme-cxBHTejibHbie nojib3yioTca b pyccKOM a3biKe OHeHb mnpoKHM ynoTpe6jieHHeM, b xo BpeMa KaK pyMWHCKHH a3biK, Hao6opox, npoaBJiaeT no oxiiomeHMto k noflo6HHM HMeHaM cymecxBMxejibHbiM apKO BbipaxceiniyK) HexepnHMoexb, 3aMeHaa hx, b no-paziKe nepeBozia, cooxBexcxByiomHMH rjiarojiaMH: «H Kaxcflbiìi pa3, npu euxoòe Ha yjiHHy, eMy HenpeMeHHO ua/io 6bijio npoxoflHXb mhmo X03aÜKHH0H KyxHH» = «De cite ori iefea din odaie, tinàrul era nevoit sà treacà prin fata bucàtàriei» (flocxoeBCKHii, IJpecmynAeHue u HaKa3anue).
    ITpaKTHKa nepcBozia (h mm HMeeM b Biìjiy nepeBOAbi HanGojiee yaa4Hbie) no-Ka3biBaex HaM, hxo 3ua4u rejibiroe kojihhccxbo pyccKHX cjiob, HecMoxpa Ha to, 4x0 b pyMbiHCKOM a3biKe HMeioxca flua hhx nojmoHeHHbie SKBHBajieHXbi, oHeiib nacxo nepeBOAHXca, no xeM hjih hhmm npHHHHaM, He jieKCHaecKHMH SKBHBa-jieHxaMH, a pa3JiK4HbiMn cHHxaKca4ecKHMH cnoco6aMH. TaK, HanpHMep, HapeHHio
MH0Z03HauumeAbH0 il cooxHOCHxejibHOMy npHjiaraTeJibHOMy MH0Z03HcmumeAbHbiü
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