238
MMXAM HOBMKOB
12
BOJTHCTax, KOToptie Hao6opoT, rop^HjiHCb TeM, hto noMoraioT nejioBeKy bmcbo-6oaHTbCH OT THCKOB BeiUeCTBeHHOH JieHCTBHTejIbHOCTH. C ZXpyTOM CTOpOHbl, nasce eCJTH Mbl 6e3MepHO paeuiHpHM KaMeCTBO peaJIHCTHHHOCTH, OTO^CneCTBMB ero c «OTpaaceHHeM acH3HeHHOH npaBflbi» (hto, KaK Mbi sto bhücjth, 6eccMbicjieHHO, h6o jiHiuaeT TepMHH BcaKoro coflepacaHHa), to h Torna mm He cmohccm He 3aMeTHTb, hto jiio6aa uiKOjia OTjiHnaeTca ot apyrofi He TOjibKO hoboh chctcmoh ycjiOBHocTen, ho h KOHuenuneii o 5kh3hchhoh npaBzie, cbohm othouichhcm k TOMy, hto ToMa-uieBCKHH Ha3biBaeT «peajiwcTHHecKHM MaTepHajioM», a xy^o»cecTBeHHbie ycjiOB-hocth Bceraa HecyT OTnenaTOK 3Toro OTHOiueHHa. Ho HaM KaaceTca 3acjiy>KHBaioulHM ocoSoro BHHMaHHa nojioaceHHe o tom, hto HOBaa uiKOJia He MoaceT yrBepziHTb ce6a HHane KaK BoccTaB npoTHB rocnoacTByfometi b /laiiHbiñ momcht JiHTepaTypHoii uiKOJibi. B BHfly nero KpHBaa jiHTepaTypHoro pa3BHTHH nojiynaeT onepTaHHe ch-Hyca. Ecjih uiKOJia B yTBep^H^acb, oGecueHHB KaH0HH3Hp0BaHHbift onbiT uiKOJibi A, to HOBoe HKOHo6opHecKoe TeneHHe B, Mojro/ioe h He oójia/iaiomee 6oraTbiM coGcTBeHHbiM onbiTOM, ecTecTBeHHo, 6yzteT HCKaTb nojiepacKH b Hacjie/n-iH uiKOJibr A, xyaojKecTBeHHbie ycjioBHocTH KOTopoii yrpaTHJiH 3a flaBHOCTbK) cboio omyTH-MOCTb. H3-3a 3TOH 3aKOHOMepHOCTH JlHTepaTypHOe pa3BHTHe KaK 6bl BCe BpeMa KOJieGjieTca MOK^y AByMa nojiiocaMH, hto 6bijio no^Meneno h bcjihkhm pyMbiHCKHM HHCaTejieM ,J],>K. KsJIHHeCKy B CBa3W C 6apOKKO, KJiaCCHIJH3MOM H pOMaHTH3MOM*. B tom ace CMMCJie BbicKa3biBaK>Tca h aMepHKaHUbi YsjuieK h YoppeH, roBopa o tom, hto hm «KaweTca, hto Tenepb Mbi aouijih no CBoeo6pa3Horo «reHepauHO-HH3Ma», orpHuaiomero OTHOCHTejibHOCTb HHnHBHflyajibHoro BKyca, h yTBep'/Knaio-mero, hto b hctophh jiHTepaTypbi npoHcxoflHT nepeflOBaHHe onpeaejieHHbix rpynn 6ojiee hjth MeHee npoTHBonojioacHbix 3creTHHecKHx KpHTepaeB (KaK b onncaHHOM Bér(J)(J)jiHHOM npoTHBonocTaBjieHMH B03p0»cfleHHa óapoKKo), cwnTaa b to ace BpeMa, hto nJia flOCTHaceHHa o6lhhx npHHHUHnoB 3to HepenoBaHHe Hejib3a hh o6ohth, hh npeB30ÌÌTH»2. Bojiee nonpo6no HccjieflOBaji, k coacajieHHio jraiub BCKOJib3b 3aTpoHyTbiìi h3mh Bonpoc, nojibCKHH yneHbiH KDjinaH KpacHacaHOBCKHÌi3. finn HarjraziHoro npecTaBJieHHa o pa3BHTHH eBponeñcKoñ jiHTepaTypw oh naace pncyer /lae cHHyeoHAajibHbie nocToaHHo nepeceKaiomHecH KpHBbie. TaK hto b KaacflWH naH-Hbiìi nepHOfl nejiaeTca oneBHflHbiM npeBocxoacTBo ozinoti H3 ochobhwx TeHfleHijHH, onpeaejiaeMbix Kp>KH5KaHOBCKHM KaK poMaHTHHecKaa h KjraccHHecKaa. 3to nepezio-Banne HjiJHOCTpMpyeT ziBOHCTBeHHoe pa3BMTHe JiHTepaTypbi, o6bacHeHHe neMy riojib-CKHH aBTOp BHJIHT B «OHTOJlOrHHeCKOM flyajlH3Me flyxa H MaTepHH, nCHXHHeCKHX H (|)H3HHeCKHX aBJieHHH, flByX OCHOBHblX KOMnOHeHTOB 5KH3HH, K KOTOpblM o6paiI.ia-eTca, no onepe/jH, B3i Jia;i, HejiOBeLiecTBa; KOHiienTpupoBanHoe BHHMaHHeK ziyxoBHbiM noTpeÓHocTaM aBJiaeTca roenoflCTByromeH nepToìi poMaHTHHecKHX TeHeHHii; yKjioH k BonpocaM Tejía onpe/jenaeT Tenelína KJiaccHHecKHe»4. 3to OBbacnenHe, no HaineMy MHeHHK>,ya3BHMO CO MHOTHX TOHeK 3peHHa. Bo-nepBbIX nOTOMy, HTO OHTOHOTHHeCKHH ;iyajiH3M «/lyx-MaTepMa» TpaKTyeTca b coBepuieHHO MeTac[)H3HHecKOH nepcneKTHBe, h BO-BTopbix nOTOMy, hto JiHTepaTypHbie ABjieHHa oBbacHaioTca BHejiHTepaTyp-
     1	¿I *. KajiHuecKy, Impresii asupra literatura spaniole, ByxapecT, 1946, b rjiaBe K.tac-CUIIU3M, pOMÜHmU3M, ÓapOKKO, CTp. 11 — 31.
     2	y/c. ucm., CTp. 328
     3	lO. Kp>KH3KaHOBCKHH, Od sredniowiecza do baroxu, BapuiaBa, 1938 m Nüuko o litera-tur ze, BpounaB — BapuiaBa — KpaKOB, 1966.
     4	Nauxa o literaturze, CTp. 334 h en.