44
3MHJIb BPAEHE
2
KHpOB3HHbIX npnéMOB no OTHOUieHHK) K HX HHCTO KOHHenTyaJIbHblM 3KBHBajieH-TaM. 3tot cnoco6 npeacTaBjiaeT, iiomhmo Beerò npoiero, to npemnymecTBO, mto oh MoaceT 6biTb npHMeHéH b HCCJiejioBaHHH ecjiH He Bcex, to, bo bchkom cjiynae, caMbix BaacHeHiuHX h caMbix pa3jiHHHbix ranoB jiHHrBHCTHHecKOH SKcnpec-
CHBHOCTH.
    Hn*e Mbi nonbiTaeMCH BbiHBHTb HeK0T0pbie SKcnpeccHBHbie ocoGchhocth pyMbiHCKHX 3JieMeiiTOB cjiaBHHCKoro npoHcxoacaeHHa, cjieaya, b onpeaejiéHHOìi Mepe, nyTH, HaMeneHHOMy III. EajuiH.
I. 3KcnpeecHBH0CTb, 0CH0BaHHan uà (Jjohcthhcckhx onno3HiiHHx
    3tot THn, BCTpenaioujiHHca, 6e3ycjiOBHO, bo Bcex HaTypajibHbix A3biKax, co-CTOHT B 0nn03HHHH MOKJiy CTHJTHCTHHeCKH HeìlTpajlbHblM (j)OHeTHHeCKHM BapH-aHTOM h ero ycTapeBiuHM BapwaHTOM, TeppHTopHajibHbiM hjih counajibHbiM. B. MaTe3nyc npHBOjiHT HecKOJibKO nofloGHbix onno3HijHH H3 coBpeMeHHoro neuicKO-ro fl3biica : cichat «HioxaTb» (HeìiTpajibHoe) — cuchat (ByjibrapHoe), student «CTy-ZieHT» (neHTpajibiioe) — student (napo^noe h jinajieKTHoe), autor «aBTop» (Heii-TpajibHoe) — auKtor (nejiaHTHiHoe) h zip.1.
    Paa cjiob coBpeMeHHoro pyMbiHCKoro jiHTepaTypHoro «3biKa npeacTaBjraeT TOT >Ke THn 0nn03HHHÌÌ. Cpe^H HHX HeKOTOpbie flBJI5HOTCH JieKCHHeCKHMH 3aHMCTBO-BaHHHMH y cnaBHH. HanpHMep, pyMbiHCKoe jiHTepaTypHoe cjiobo a pofti «xoTeTb», «npHmauiaTb», «CTpacTHO acejiaTb» npoTHBonocTaBJiaeTca òoHeTHTCCKOMy BapnaH-Ty a pohti, HMeiomeMy SKcnpeccHBiibiH npHBKyc ycTapejiocTH2.
    IlHcaTejiH nacTO npnGeraioT k noao6nbiM SKcnpeccHBHbiM pecypcaM H3biKa, flocTHraa HHoraa Gojikhihx xyaoacecTBeHHbix scjxjjeicTOB. Cp. (Jjohcthmcckhh apxaH3M prav (BMecTO coBpeMeHHoro praf «nbuib») H3 H3BecTHbix CTHxoTBopeHHÌi MnxaH-jia 3MHfiecKy 3nuzoubi h Memento mori3.
    Eojiee HOBbie, a raK»ce HOBeiiiuHe saHMCiBOBannji, BomejnuHe b pyMbiHCKHH H3bIK H3 flpyTHX H3HKOB KHH5KHbIM nyTeM, He HMejIH B OCHOBHOM yCJIOBHH flJIH pa3-BHTHH (J)OHeTHHeCKHX 0Iin03HUHH, nopOJKflaiOIHHX OTTeHKH apxaHHHOCTH HJIH ycTapejiocTH.
II.	AKycTHHecKan 3KcnpeecHBKOCTb
    3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 Jipyrnx 83biK0B HHorfla coaepacaT Hoebie 3eyKu hjih 3sy-Kocouemanufi, nocTpoeHHbie neo6biHHbiM cnocoSoM ¿yia H3biKa, KOTopbiii hx npH-HHMaeT. PeflKocTb hjih h e o 6 br h h o c t b (¡joneTHiecKOH cy6cTaHUHH 3aHM-CTBOB3HHH COCTaBJiaeT HeOCnopHMblH HCTOHHHK SKCnpeCCHBHOCTH. 3to BnojiHe 06bacnHM0 b ncHX0Ji0rH4ecK0M njiaHe (ciopnpH3, yaoBOjibCTBHe h t. n. no otho-uieHHio ko BceMy, hto He ABJiaeTca npHBbiHHbiM, «HopMajibHbiM»). IIojiaBJiaioinee óojibuiHHCTBO roBopamHX He OTflaèT ce6e OTMéTa b npHHHHe nyBCTBa, KOTopoe oho
    1V. Mathesius, yi<a3. paóoma, CTp. 463.
     2	DL = Dic(ionarul limbii romàne literare contemporane, I — IV, Bucurejti, 1955 — 1957; cm. Ili, 483.
     3	Cm. o6 3TOM L. G à 1 d i, Stiliti poetic al lui Mihail Eminescu, Bucurejti, 1964, CTp, 130— 131. O flpyrHX stfc^sKTax (JjOHeTmecKHX onno3nunii TaKoro po/ia cm. Iorgu Iordan, Stilistica limbii romàne, Bucure?ti, 1944, crp. 39.