25	«PEAJ1H3M» - no flAHHblM CJIABflHCKMX JIMTEPATyP	25Í
acneKTax cocymecTBOBajia c poMaHXHHecKoñ HenpnMHpnMocxbK> h Aaace nepe-acHJia ee, npoAOJiacaa yTBepacAaxbca napaBHe c xpe3BbiM peaJiH3MOM. Ho b caMbix •ee oGihhx h o6o6meHHbix nepxax pa3BMTne pyccKoñ coBexcKoñ jmxepaxypbi uijio Bce ace, no onepHeHHOMy HaMH nyxH: ot pe3Koro peajiH3Ma nepBbix jiex, nepe3 HeopOMaHTHHeCKHH KpH3HC, K Tpe3B0My xparH3My COUHajlbHOrO peajlH3Ma.
    BbiuienpHBefleHHaH HcxopHKO-jnixepaxypHaa cnpaBKa 6biJia HaM neo6xoAHMa AJia 060CH0BaHHfl bmboaob, BbneKaiomHX H3 npoSjieMbi, Koxopaa Morjia 6bi 6bixb onpeflejieHa cjieziyK>mnM 06pa30M: Kaic h noMCMy ccjjopMHpoBajica b paMicax co-BeTCKoñ jraxepaxypbi coBepuieiiHo hobuíí Koimerxr peajiH3Ma? BwcxynjieuHa xex jieT yKa3biBaiox, hxo cxopohhhkh coHHajibHoro peajiH3Ma paxoBajni 3a Hero b CBexe flByx niaBHbix xpc6oBaiiHÍi.
    riepBoe coBnaaaeT c xeM, o HeM nuia penb ao chx nop: 3aujnxa scxeTHHecKoií nojiHoueHHocxH couHajiHCXHHecKoñ AeñcxBHxejibHocxH. H icaic sxo moncho AOKa-3aTb h ccbuncaMH xoxa 6bi Ha yace nepeHHCJieHHbie iipoH3Beaenna, xpeGoBanHC He npe/inonarajio hh b KaKoñ Mepe h npaBAonoAOAnocxb no/ipoGnocxeít. HaoSopox, KaK 6bi napaaoKca/TbHO sxo hh 3Bynajio Ha nepBbiñ B3nnaA, ho wvreuHo cxopohhhkh capKacxHHecKOH npoHH3auHH «HapoMuxoro coHnajiH3Ma», nbixajiHCb 3amn-maTb cboh no3HUHH, KaK 6bi nepecxpaxoBbiBaacb coBnaAeHHeM hx Ha6jHOAeHHfi c <J)aKxaMH o6i>eKTHBHOH AeHCXBHrejibHOCXH. B to ace üpemsi nHOHepbi couwajibnoro peaj(H3Ma 3anacxyio ripeneGperajiH ri oapo 6h ocrsi m h AJia 6onee apKoro xyjioacecxBen-Horo Bonjiomenna hcthhhoh xeii,aeHUHH pa3BHXHa. TeMaxinrectcn 3aeucmb OjieuiH cpoflHa Peany 3peH6ypra. Ho xcxexHwecKMe ri03HUHH hx npaMO npoxHBonojioacHbi. npexeH3HH poMaHTHKa annroHa MBaHa BaSuMCBa npeAcxaBjiaxb coooh hocjica-Hero MorHKaHa HejioBeHecKoií MyBCXBHxejibHocxH pa3o6jianaexca h CBOAnxca k ee np0H3anLiecK0H eymHoexH, b to BpeMa KaK b bhahmo np03aHHecK0M, npoxHBO-n0Ji0>KH0M MHpe AnApea EaGHneBa h Bojioah MaKapoBa BcnjibiBaroT Ha noBepx-HocTb iienofl03peüaeMbie nosxHHecKHe otxchkh. Ho npHMeHaxejibno, hxo, ajih Toro, mtoGm 3to BbiaBHXb, aBXop omyxHMO ox/iajiaexca ox KaHOHOB, Bbipa6oxaH-Hbix Ha 0CH0Be GjTecxamHx onbixoB peajincxoB XIX BeKa. Bce sto KaK 6bi aoKasbt-Baxo, hxo Aaace caMbie na nepBbiñ Bsrjia/j «HeA03BOJieHHbie» xyAoacecxBeHHbie yCJIOBHOCXH COBepmeHHO COBMeCXHMbI C HOBOH peajlHCXHMeCKOH yCiaHOBKOfi, KO-Topaa npoaBJiajiacb, xaKHM o6pa30M, KaK xeneHHe, Hpe3BMHaiiHO cKjioHHoe acarno BnnxbiBaxb b ce6a h onbix moabphhctckhx xeneHHH, b nepByio onepeAb c¡>y rypn3Ma. npeAnoHxeHHe npneMOB, Aaiomnx xyAoacHHKy B03M0acH0cxb Bbipa3nxb coAep-acaHHe KaK M0acH0 Sojiee nenocpedcmeemo, aBjiaeTca oahhm H3 rjiaBHbix kom-noHeHxoB sxoro peajiH3Ma HOBoro THna. TaKHM 06pa30M hobmíí peajiH3M oxjih-naexca ox HepeajiHCXHnecKHX reHennñ, He cxpeMJieroieM KaK moxcho Sojiee xoinio BOCnpOH3BeCXH aCH3Hb «B (J)OpMaX CaMOH 5KH3HH», a CXpeMJieHHeM OCBOHTb pa3HO-o6pa3HeHmne h HenpeABHAeHHeiímHe cnocoGbi xyAoacecxseHHoro BbipaaceHHa ají» Toro, hxo6w noKa3axb (h Aa>;ce AOKa3aTb) scTeTanecKoe npeBoexoACXBO conHajiHcxn-
HeCKOH AeííCXBHXeJIbHOCTH.
    /IpyrHM scxexHnecKHM xpeSoBaiiHCM, cxpacxHO 3ausnmaeMbiM 3aiiHHHxejiaMH coiiHajibHoro peajiH3Ma, mo>kho CHHxaxb docmymiocmb. He cjiynaHHO eAHHCXBeH-Hbie Gojiee cxporae ynpeicH, Koxopbie Mbi HaxoAHM y JlynanapcKoro b aApec MaaKOECKoro h nacxepHaKa, HaxoAarca b CBa3H c 3xoü cxopoHoií hx xBopiiecxBa. Ho ii 3Aecb neoGxoAHMbi HeKoxopbie yxoHHenHa. JlyHaHapcKHH caM npH3HaBaji, hxo xyAoaceCTBeHHaa jinxepaxypa He Moacex npeflHasnaHaxbca A-xa OAHopoAHoií