340
b. nionTEPíiHy
4
HayHHOH HTO JIM oSbeKTHBHOCTbIO XapaKTepH3yeTCfl H TBOpneCTBO TopbKOrO, flaB-rnero b xyaoKecTBeHHOM cj)opMe KapTmiy coHHajibHoií h KyjibTypHOH >kh3hh ero CTpaHbi Toro BpeMeHH. MMea b BHay snoneio 40 JieT Pocchh — poMaH 7Ku3Hb Kaumü CaMzuna, — P. PojuiaH OTMenaji KaK o^Hy H3 oco6eHHocTetí TajiaHTa ropbKoro «oÓMCuzaioufee óeccmpacmue» rjia3a h yMa xyaoxcHHKa, no3BOJiatomee eMy CXBaTHTb XapaKTepHbie HepTbl C 6e30HIH60HH0H TOHHOCTbK). KaK HCTHHHblH xyaojKHHK, c rpoMa^Hoñ chjiom nyBCTByiouuHÍi «o6mee cocToaHHe Mwpa» (rerejib)
—	a no B03,aeHCTBHio na jiHTepaTypHyio a«H3Hb CTpaHbi oh Mor 6bi 6biTb Ha3-BaH oflHHM H3 «BJiacTHTejieií ayM» CBoero BpeMeHH — TopbKHH He Mor He OTpa-3HTb B CBOeM TBOpHeCTBe H TOrO HOBOrO, HTO B03HHKJI0 B >KH3HH. H B ero npoH3BeaeHHax Mbi Haií,aeM ncHxojiorHHecKyio KapTHHy, noKa3biBaiomyio HaM, KaK «He3aMeTHO, noHeMHory b pa3yM pyccKoro nejioBeKa npocaHHBajiocb nomi-MaHHe HecnpaBeaJiHBocTH 5KH3HH, co3HaHHe HeoSxoflHMoeTH nepecTpoHTb ee», h KaK <oto co3HaHHe cjioacHJiocb b pa3yMHyio CHJiy», CTpaxHyBuiyio «c njien cbohx Mapa h Bcex, kto 6e3>Kaji0CTH0 cocaji KpoBb ee»1. He cjiynaHHO oflHa H3 pyMbiH-ckhx ra3eT Hanajia Harnero BeKa nncajia BCKope noejie CBepineHHSf OKTaSpbCKoñ peBOJHOHHH: «BejiHKHe npeo6pa30BaHHa b Pocchh noHHMaiOTca HaMHoro Jierne, Koraa HHTaeuib ropbKoro h BcnoMHHaeuib HacKOJibKO ero TBopnecTBO pacnpocTpa-HeHO bo Bcex cjioax pyccKoro oGmecTBa»2.
    Bwjih H3 C0BpeMeHHHK0B nncaTejia h Te, kto ynpeKaji ropbKoro b neperpy->KeHHOCTH «BnenaTjieHHaMH 3eMHoro 6mthh». He JiHuieHa HHTepeca HCTopwa B3an-MOOTHOUieHHH M6)Kay TopbKHM H ero TajiaHTJIHBblM COOTeneCTBeHHHKOM — co-BpeMeHHHKOM JI. AnapeeBbiM, b cnope c kotopwm CKa3aji0Cb KaK SepeacjiHBoe OTHOHieHHe nepBoro k <J)aKTy aeücTBHTejibHOCTH, TaK h apKO BbipaaceHHaa cyóbeK-THBHOCb CO CTOpOHbl AHflpeeBa, TBOpneCTBO KOTOporO 3BOJHOUHOHHpOBaJIO B Ha-npaBjieHHH k a6cTparHpoBaHHio ot MHpa peajibHocTH. OaKTbi aeHCTBHrejibHOCTH, nncaji TopbKHH AHapeeBy no noBoay paccKa3a KpacHbiü CMex, nocimuenHoro BOHHe, «CTpauiHee h 3HaHHTejibHee TBoero OTHOiueHHa k hhm»3. AnupeeB He co-rjiamajicH c FopbKHM, yTBepayiaa CBoe cy6bKTHBHoe OTHOineHHe k (JmKTy: «Moe OTHOiueHHe — TaK»ce (JjaKT, h BecbMa HeMajiOBaacHbiH»4, — OTBenaji oh. B 3tom oÓMeHe «penjiHKaMH» mo>kho TaK>Ke yjiOBHTb OT3ByK Toro B3aHMHoro HeaonoHH-MaHHH, KOTopoe nojio>KHT KOHeu hx MHorojieTHeñ «apy>K6e-BpaHCfle». ropbKHií, ecTecTBeHHO, He Mor OTpnuaTb Toro, hto xyaoscHHK oTHacTH tbopht aeiícTBH-TejibHOCTb, hto Mbicjib xyaoacHHKa, ero «BbwyMKa» npeo6pa»caeT BHeuiHHH MHp: AOCTaTOHHO BCnOMHHTb MbICJIH ropbKoro O 3HaHeHHH BbIMbICJia B TBOpHeCKOM npouecce, BbipaaceHHbie b acj)opH3Me «xy/iO/KecTBeHHOCTb» 6e3 «BbiMbicjia» — He B03M0>KHa, He cymecTByeT»5.
    ^eiícTBHTejibHO, MHp caMoro TopbKoro OTJiHHaeTca, CKa>KeM, ot MHpa JT. Tojictoto hjih /JocToeBCKoro, a MHp CaaoBHHy ot MHpa Pe6paHy, h6o b hx «boc-npoH3BeaeHHH aeHCTBHTejibHOCTH» BbiaBJiaeTca ayxoBHbiñ MHp caMoro xyAOJKHHKa.
1	M. r opbKHH, Coópanue cominenuñ e 30 moMax, t. 24, MocKBa, THXJT, 1953, CTp.
182.
     2	«Scena», an II, nr. 212, 11 august 1918.
     3	JIumepamypHoe nac/tedcmeo, t. 72, ropbmü u Jleonud Anópeee. Heu3daHHaa nepenucKa, MocKBa, H3A-BO «HayKa», 1965, CTp. 244.
     4	T a m * e.
5	M. f opbKHH, CoópaHue commemü e 30 moMax, t. 24, MocKBa, THXJI, 1953, CTp. 330.