19
PyCCKO-PYMBIHCKHE JIHTEPATyPHblE CBÜ3H
329
b pafle CTpaH, nojiHTHKa peaKUHoimtix 6ypacya3Hbix npaBHTejibCTB, Bce sto He-nocpeflCTBCHHo BJIHHJIO Ha pacnpocTpaHeHHe pyccKoii jiHTepaTypbi h b ocoóeH-HOCTH COBeTCKOÌÌ B paBJIHHHLIX eBponeiicKHX rocyflapcTBax, CpeflH KOTOpblX H PyMbiHHa. CjieayeT He 3a6breaTb, hto b yKa3aHHMH nepHOfl Hapa/iy c pacnpoerpa-HeHHeM pyccKoii KJiaccHHecKOH jiHTepaTypbi, Mbi HMeeM jie.no c hobhm hbjichh-eM, c0BeTCK0H jiHTepaTypoñ, Haxo/iameHca b flBHaceHHH h pa3BHTHH. H hmch-ho no OTHomeHHK) k COBeTCKOÌÌ jniTepaType, yxBep>KjiaBmeìi HOBbie counajincTH-MecKne Hflen h Hfleajiw, CKa3aJi0Cb CHJibHee Beerò bjihhhhc nojiHTHnecKHX (JiaKTopoB. HecoMHeHHO, b npHHHHne, JiHTepaTypHbie KpHTepHH h <J>aKTopbi He npeKpamajiH CBoe B03fleHCTBHe b onpejiejieHHH cBa3eñ pyccKoii h COBeTCKOÌÌ jiHTepaTypu c ApyrHMH eBponeìicKHMH JiHTepaTypaMH, ho b page CJiynaeB nojiHTHMecKHe coSbiTHH jih6o BHTecHajiH hx nojiHOCTbio (KaK, HanpHMep, b TepMaHHH, nocne 1933 r.), jih6o npenaTCTBOBajiH b óojibuieìi hjih Meubmeii cTeneHH hx npoaBjieHHio (KaK b Hauieii CTpaHe, nocjie 1937 r. BCJieflCTBHe Bce 6ojiee noflHepKHyToñ (J)amH3aiiHH nOJlHTHKH peaKHHOHHblX npaBHTejILCTB).
    Ilo cpaBHeHHio c npeflbiayniHM nepHOflOM hjth c nojioaceHHeM cymecTByio-meM b HeKOTopHx itpyrnx CTpaHax, HanpHMep, bo <J>paHUHH, pyccKO-pyMbiHCKHe JiHTepaTypHbie OTHomeHHa b C0B0KynH0CTH OTJiHMaioTca b nepno/i 1917—1944 rr. cna^OM HHTeHCHBHOCTH h yMeHbuieHHeM MacuiTa6oB. Ecjih paccMaTpHBaTb cyjjbGy pyccKOH jiHTepaTypbi b PyMbiHHH 0Tflejn>H0 ot cyAb6bi cobctckòh, to CJieayeT OTMeTHTb neojiHopo/jHocib nponecca, b ocoGchhocth HepaBHOMepHOCTb ero pa3-BHTH3 (c TOHKli 3peHHa HHTeHCHBHOCTH, MaCIHTaSoB H T. fl.).
    Hto KacaeTca pacnpocrpaHemia pyccKoii KJiaccHHecKOH JiHTepaTypbi b nepHOfl «Meamy jiByMa BOHHaMH» 6yab-To b PyMbiHHH hjih b apynix crpaHax, b oflHHa-koboh Mepe b cjiaBaHCKHX h HecjiaBaHCKHX, mohcho CKa3aTb, hto b ochobhom H^eT penb o npoflonaceHHH nponecca no yace ycTaHOBHBniHMca nyTaM ao 1917 r.
    ITocKOJibKy pa3BHTHe caMoii pyccKOH jiHTepaTypbi aBJiaeTca 3aBepmeHHbiM nponeccoM, He eTaBHTea Bonpoc pacKpbiTb ee nocTynaTejibHoe flBHaceHHe. B oc-hobom HjjeT penb 06 yace H3BecTHbix npoH3Be/ieHHax; 0flHaK0 ace cymecTByiOT B03MoacHocTH pacniHpHTb 03HaK0MJieHHe 3a cneT eme HenepeBejieHHbix cohhhc-hhh, hjih MeHee 3HaHHTeju»Hbix nncaTejieñ, ocTaBaBniHxca 6e3 BHHMaHHa, 3a cneT HOBbix OTTeHKOB b JiHTepaTypHoìi 6opb6e, HOBoro ocBemeHHa Tex hjih hhmx aB-JieHHÌi pyccKoii jiHTepaTypbi b TecHoìt CBa3H c hobmmh npoaBjieHHaMH KJiaccoBOH 6opb6bi, HOJiHTHHecKOH acH3HH h t. fl. OflHaKO ace HeoacH/ianHOCTH, ciopnpH3bi b flaHHoñ o6jiacTH MeHee npe/mojiaraeMbt h OHCHflaeMM.
    Ha nepBbiH B3rjiafl, Ka3ajiocb 6bi, pacnpocTpaHeHHe pyccKoii JiHTepaTypbi b nepnofl 1917—1944 rr. He jiaeT ocHOBaHHH roBopHTb o CBepTbiBaHHH npouecca; npaBHjibHee 6bijio 6bi cKa3aTb hto oh ctoht Ha MecTe, He pacninpaeTca. npoH3-BeaeHHa KJiaccHKOB, b ocoGchhocth jnoGHMeHiUHX nHcaTejien pyMbiHCKoro HHTa-Tena, TaKHX KaK Tojictoh, ^octocbckhh, TypreHeB, MexoB, npoziojiacaioT nepe-BOAHTbca h pacnpocTpaHaTbca. B ocoGchhocth nepeBOflbi p0MaH0B Tojictoto h flocToeBCKoro 3aHHMaioT BHflHoe MecTO, noaBJiaioTca b hobmx Bepenax (k co-acajieHHio hx jiHTepaTypHbie floCTOHHCTBa ocTaBJiaioT acejiaTb jiynmero), 06 sthx nncaTejiax h o flpyrnx npeflCTaBHTejiax pyccKoii JiHrepaTypbi nHinyTca CTaTbH, acce, hx HMeHa 3aHHMaioT ^oBojibHo BHAHoe MecTO b jiHTepaTypHbix cnopax Toro BpeMeHH H T. JX.