393
A.3AKOPAOHEU
2
    no,Ho6Hbie CXOflCTBa MC/K^y pyCCKHM H JI3THHCKHM a3bIK3MH BCKpbIBaiOT rjiy60K0 CHHTeTHHecKHÌi xapaKTep pyccKoro «3biKa, cBoeo6pa3He KOToporo 33-KJiioHaeTca hmchho b tom, hto oh ao chx nop coxpsHHji 3H3HHTejibnoe kojihhcctbo apxaHMecKHX a3biKOBbix 3JieMeHT0B, cSnacaiomHX ero CKopee c .upeBHHMH, neM c COBpeMeHHbIMH »JblKaMH.
     Hto KacaeTca pyMbicKoro »3biKa, to ero othocht, KaK h Bce ocTajibHbie poMaH-CKHe H3bIKH, K aHajIHTHMeCKOMy THny. B .HeítCTBHTejIbHOCTH >Ke 3TH ZIBa A3bIK0BblX THna cocymecTByioT b CHCTeMe pyMbiHCKoro a3biK3 hohth Ha oaHHaKOBbix npaBax, H K3>K,HbIH H3 HHX CTpeMHTCH 3aBOeBaTb npHOpHTeT. Bce 2ice ana.THTHMeCKHH THH BCTpeiaeTCH Mame h npoaBsieeT 3aMe'niyio len/jeHumo k flajibHemueMy pa3BHTHK>. CHHTeTHHeCKHÌl H 3H3JIHTHHCCKHH THnbl COCymeCTByiOT H B pyCCKOM S3bIKe (KaK bo MHorax XtpyrHX a3biK3x), o;maKo 3/iecb aHàjiHTHHecKHe ajieMenTbi 33hhm3k>t oneHb cKpoMHoe MecTo h Boo6me HenepcneKTHBHbi.
    Pe3KHÌi KOHTpacT MOKay THnaMH npoaBjiaeTca npeacae Beerò b o6jiacTH JieKCHKOJIOrHH H COCTOHT B TOM, HTO OMeHb H3CTO OflHOMy pyCCKOMy CJIOBy COOTBeT-CTByeT B pyMbIHCKOM K3blKC COMCTaHHe H3 /IByX HJIH H3 TpeX CJIOB, IipHHeM Hepe^KH cjiynaH, Kor^a, ajih npaBHjibHoro nepeBOfla KaKoro-JinGo pyccKoro cjioBa, nepeBOAHHKaM npHxoflHTca npHGeraTb k fljiHHHbiM cjioBocoHeianiiflM hjih aa>Ke k uejibiM npe/uioaceiraaM. XoTa ziaiinoe aBJieime oxBSTblBseT Booóme Bce KaTeropHH cjiob, Bce ace nepBeHCTBo b stom othoiuchhh npHHSflJieacHT, 6ecc0MHeHH0, rjiarojiaM, b hscthocth rjiarojiaM npHCTaBOHHbiM.
    OGbIHHblM H nOHTH BCerfla eflHHCTBeHHO B03M05KHbIM pyMblHCKHM 3KBHB3-jieHTOM pyccKoro npHCTaBOHHoro rjiarojia aBjiaeTca cowexaiiHe no Rpañueñ Mepe H3 flByx cjiob hjih TaK Ha3biBaeMaa nepH(j)pa3a. HanHMep: <(Oco6chho jik>6hji a 6eceflOBaTb c HOHbiMH h3B03imk3mh..., npiióbiaaBLUHV.H b CTojiHuy... b H3/ie>K,zie h caMHM npoKopMumbCR h coópaTb Ha o6poK rocnoaaM» = «Imi plàcea mai ales sà stau de vorbà cu birjarii de noapre... venivi in capitala... in nàdejdea sà-si scoatà mincarea fi sà stringa banii birului» (TypreHeB, Maina); «HHKOJiañ IleTpoBHH npH-Tanjica» = «Nicolae Petrovici isi tinu ràsuflarea» (TypreHeB, Omijbi u dermi).
    THHHHHbiìi onHcaTenbHbiH nepeBOfl pyccKHX npHCTaBOHHbix rjiarojioB bo MHornx cjiynaax HMeeT cjie;iyioiiiMÌi cocTaB: jieKCHHecKHÌi 3KBHBaneHT pyccKoro rjiarona (b KanecTBe KOToporo MoxceT BbicTynHTb rjiaroji, HMa cymecTBHTejibHoè hjih HMa npHJiaraTejibHoe), K3koh-jih6o nojiyoTBJieHeHHbiH rjiaroji (o6hhho b T3koh pojiH BbicTynaioT rjiarojibi a incepe, a prinde a da, a lasa h ap.) h iiaKOHeu K3Koìi-HH6yAi> npe^jior (pe, ls, in, din): «Cbokcbckhh 33mcthji sto h eme óojibiue ■jacyemuAcm — «Svejevski bàgà de seamà scest lucru si incepu sa se agite mai tare» (KynpHH, Mojiox); «Hbsh Hhkhthh 3aM0Taji tojioboh h rycTO nonpacne/i» = «Ivan Nichitici scuturà capul §i se fàcu rosu ca racul» (HexoB, RoppecnondeHm).
    /Ipyraa oGbinnaa nepH(J)pa3a BbicTynaeT b BHae rjiarojia, aBjiaioiHeroca b H3BeCTHOH CTeneHH JieKCHWeCKHM 3KBHB3JieHT0M pyCCKOrO rJ13rOJia, B COe^HHeHHH c k3khm-jih6o HapenneM hjih HapeHHbiM oSopoTOM: «Moii Tpe3op octshobhjics, nonnmuAcn« = Trezor se opri, dàdu inapoi (TypreHeB, Bopoóeu)', E333poB ebicy-HyACH H3 T3p3HT3C3 = »Bszarov se aplecà afarà din drosea» (TypreHeB, Otmjbi u demu).
    OT/iejibHbie oTTeHKH h jieKCHHecKHe 3Ha4eiiHa, KOTopbie npHo6peT3ioT pyc-CKHe rjrarojibi nyTeM coe^HHenHa c npncTSBKaMH, MoryT 6biTb nepeflSHbi jinuib CHHT3KCHHeCKHMH Cn0C063MH, n0CK0JIbKy B pyMbIHCKOM a3bIKe HeT COOTBeTCTBylO -