223
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jieHHyK) «no3HUHio» b HfleojiormecKHX cnopax HameK 3noxH. npHMenaTejibHO, HanpHMep, hto b cBoeK KHHre Bonpoc o peaAUSMe1 H3BecTHbiii HTajibaHCKHii Kpn-THK-MapKCHCT Kapjio CaJiHHapn yTBepjKflaeT, hto cyTb peajiH3Ma b HeHCKaacen-HOM OTpa>KeHMH fleHCTBHTejlbHOCTH, C II03HUHH HCTOpHHeCKOTO OCBeuieHHH BO-npocoB2. Ho onpeaejreHHe 3to yAHBHTejibHO noxo>Ke Ha apyroe, H3BJieHeHHoe hemh m3 ^eBAToro TOMa nepBoii cobctckoh JlHTepaTypHofi SHumuioneflHH. «PeajiH3M,— roBopMTca TaM,— BKjHOHaeT b ce6a Asa MOMeHTa: BO-nepBbix, H3o6pa*enHe BHem-hhx nepT onpeAejieHHoro o6mecTBa h anoxn c TaKoii CTeneHbio kohkpcthocth, KOTOpaa flaeT BnenaTjieHHe («hjijik>3hio») aeitcTBHTCjibHOCTH; bo-btophx, Gojiee rjiy-CoKoe pacKpbiTHe AeficTBHTejibHO ncTopnnecKoro coAepwaHHa, cymnocTH h cmwc-jia couwajibHbix chji nocpeAcrBOM o6pa30B — o6o6iueHwii, npOHHKaK>mHx Aajibiue noBepxHocTH»3. Ho corjracne c TaKHM onpeaejieHHCM, caMo co6oii, ecaeT Hac k BbiBoay, hto ceteris paribus, CTeneHb peajiHCTHHHOCTH onpe/iejieHHoro nporo-BeaeHHa grosso modo npaMO nponopu,noHajibHa npaBHjibHocTH hm noACKa3aHHbix COmiaJIbHO-HCTOpHHeCKHX OUeHOK. Ho OMCBH^FIO, HTO HMeHHO TipOTHB TaKOTO Bbl-Boaa BbiCTynaioT cropoHHHKH «6e36peacHoro peajiH3Ma». Me*Ay npoHHM h Ha HayHHoii K)6HJieiiH0H ceccwH MHCTHTyTa Mhpoboh JlHTepaTypw hm. MaiccHMa TopbRoro (MocKBa, 3—7 ceHTa6pa 1967 r.), Bonpoc 6biJi nocTaBJieH cxoahbim 06pa30M. Mhothc ynacraHKH BbiCKa3biBanHCb b tom CMHCJie, hto, npoHHKaa b jiHrepaTypHoe TBopnecTBO, couHajiHCTHHecicaa HAeojiorna HanpaBJiaeT ero ko Bee 6oJiee noc^eAOBaTejibHOMy peajiH3My. B oahom H3 AOKJiaAOB noAAepwHBajiacb Aa>Ke H^ea, corjiacHO KOTopoii noHaTue «oounajiHCTHHecKaa JiHTepaTypa» iunpe, neM nonaTHe «c o lui a ji m ct m m e c k m ii peajiH3M» h hto TBopnecTBO Tarax iiHcarejieii KaK Bopnc nacTepHaK, Mnxanji EyjiraKOB, MapHHa HBeTaeBa npHHaAJieaaiT k nepBOH, He npHHaAJiewHT ko BTopoMy4. HaKOHeu, AOjmHa 6biTb eme ynoMaHyTa Tc :;;a 3peHHa corjiacHO KOTopoii k pea;iH3My Haujero BeKa Hejib3a noaxoAHTb, onepapya KpHTepnaMH, Bbipa6oTaHHbiMH Ha ocHOBaHHH TBopnecKoro onbiTa Be-
      1	K. C a ji h h a p h, La questione de realismo, <I>Jiopeimnii, 1960.
      2	Cm. M. Ili k h o n y, Discujii despre realism in Italia, « Revista de istorie ?i teorie literara», ByxapecT, JN2.1I 1966, CTp. 361 — 366.
     3	JIumepamypnaH 3ni{UKjioneòun, tom IX, MocKBa, 1935, CTp. 550.
      4	BbiiueyKa3aHnaa tomo 3peHHH 6 bui a ni/io>KCiia h M. B. X p a n h e ii k o b CTaTbe O veccnop-iiom u o mo.M, *imo ebnusaem cnopbi, uancMaraHHOìi b xypHajie «JlHrepaTypua« Poccra» (JNs. 5, 1968, CTp. 2 — 3, 5). B cbìììh c flHCKyccHeii o coiiHaJiHCTH4ecicofi jiHTepaType h couHanHCTHHecKOM peanH3Me aBTop yi<a3MBaeT, ito HeKOTopwe H3 ynacTumcoB ciuraioT 3th noHaTim «ToxcfleciBeii-hwmh». «AP>’rne, — roBopHTCH narice —, nojiaiaioT, hto couHaJiHCTM4CCi;aH jiHTepaTypa — HBJieHHe 6ojiee uihdokos, HeacenH counajincTnliecKnii peaJiH3M (M. E. XpanncHKO Hac OTcwJiaeT k CTaTbii\i: A. II. O b m a p e ir k o, Conua.mcmimecKuii pea.iusM u coepe.\teimbiit jiumepamypnbiù npot/ecc, «Bonpocbi JimepaTypbi», M1. 12, 1960 h A. M. M e t 4 e h k o, O cotiua.iuemimeeKOM peamzMe 11 cotiua.iuemimeeKOAi ucKyccmee, «OKTsiópb», .Ma. 6, 1967). TBopneci BO HeK0T0pwx Kpyn-Hbix coaeTCKHX xyfl0»CHHK03 cnoBa, 6yfly4H couHaJincrH4ecKHM no CBoeMy coiiepacaHHio, He 3a-Knio4aeT b ce5s Tex osoSsHHosTeft, KOTopwe xapakTjpHìyioT coimajmcTHHecKHit peajiH3M. IIpn 3tom Ha3Bi3iiorca H\i3na EcsHHHa, AxMaTOBoii, nacTepHaKa, U,BeTaeBOH, CepreeBa-UeHCKoro, IIpHmBHHa, B^psiasBa, X,rie5iini<0Ba, n. P0MaH0Ba h paaa flpyrax niicareneii. To 06cT0Jrre.nb-CTBO, HTO B COaHajIHCTH43CKO0: JMTepaType, IIOAHepKHBaiOT CTOPOHHHKH BTOPOH TOHKH 3peHHH, cymecTBoaanH h cyiijxrByior pi3.THHHsie tchshh», HHKaK He yMaJiaeT BeAymeft, aBanrapanoìi po-jih couHa/incTHHecKoro peanH3Ma b pacKpbiTHH npoaeccoB co3»waHHH HOBoro o6mecTBa, b 6opb-6e 3a coiiHauHiM». C hckotopwmh 0r0B0pKaMH, M. B. XpanneHKo noziacpA'HBaCT 3Ty BTopyio ycTaHOBKy.