312
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CTBeHHbiM 3Tan b HCTopHH eBponeHCKoii h aaace MMpoBOM JiHTepaTypbi, b nepByio onepejib b oSjiacTH npo3bi poMaHa.
    TaKHM 06pa30M, Haiiiia, b 19 b. BnepBbie, CBoe uiHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe 3a py6e>KOM, pyccKaa jiHTepaTypa BCKope 3aHsuia paBHonpaBHoe nojioaceHHe c jiMTepaTypaMH hmcfoiuhmh fljiHTejibHyio Tpa/mnmo (4>paHuy3CKOH, hcmcukoh, aH-tjihhckoh) hjih Aaxce BCTynnjia b conepHHnecTBo c hhmh, o^epxaB b pa#e cjiy^aes 6jiecTamHe no6eabi, hto .aejiaer npaBOMepHbiM yTBep>K,aeHHe HeKOTopwx Hccne-flOBaTejieii o «iio6e.n,OHOCHOM Maprne» pyccKOH JiHTepaTypbi b nocjieflHHe Aeca-THJieTHH npoinjioro crojieTHa. B sth ace ro;ju pacnpocTpaHeHHe pyccKOH JiHTe-paTypbi BbixoflHT 3a npe^ejibi EBponbi, npHHHMaa hcthhho mhpoboh xapaKTep.
    Ilpo/iojmaa neoTCTynHO CBoe pa3BMTne b 20 b., npouecc OTJiHnaeTca 0flHaK0 >Ke HeKOTOpblMH HOBblMH HepTaMH, HOBblMH npOHBJieHHaMH B CaMOM CBOeM Cy-mecTBe hjih b <J)opMe. H3ynaa pacnpocTpaHeHHe pyccKoii JiHTepaTypbi 3a pyaeacHM, cjie^yeT paccMOTperb, b nepayio onepeflb, Bonpoc xpohojiothh 3Toro npouecca, nepHOflOB, Ha KOTopbie oh aejiHTca. Mo>kho ycTaHOBHTb paHHee 3H3Komctbo c pyccKoii JiHTepaTypofi bo <t>paHUHH, repMaHHH h b HeKOTopbix cuaBaHCKHX CTpanax, KaK nonbma, HexocjiOBaKHa, h no3flHee b TaKHX CTpaHax KaK Raima, Hcnaniia. CTaBHTca HecoMHeHHO Bonpoc pa3JiHHHH KanecTBeHHoro nopaana b caMOM coflep-5KaHHH 3Toro nponecca (Gonbuiaa huh MeHbiuaa ero HHTeHCHBHOCTb, 6ojiee hjih MeHee mnpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHe, npncyTCTBHC b hcm hjih OTcyTCTBHe KpynHeii-uihx npeACTaBHTejieft hjih JiHTepaTypHbix npoH3Be/ieHHH, BHHMaHHe yaejiaeMoe jiHTepaTypHoii oGmecTBenHOCTbio CTpaHbi, b K0T0pyK> npoHHKjia pyccKaa JiHTepaTypa h t. fl.). Pa3BHTHe TaKoro npouecca hjih BepHee CKa3aTb HecKOJibKHX TaKHX npoueccoB, aBjiaeTca pesyjibTaTOM uejioro pa^a (l)aKTopoB: HCTopuwecKHX, nojiH-THMeCKHX, JiHTepaTypHbix, JIHHTBHCTHHeCKHX, — OAHHaKOBbIX HJIH pO/TCTBeHHbIX AJia uejioro pa^a CTpaH h jiHTepaTyp, hto n03B0JiaeT BbmejiHTb HecKOJibKO OT/iejibHbix rpynn. 06mhho roBopHTca o CBa3ax pyccKOH JiHTepaTypbi c apyrHMH cjiaBaHOKHMH HHTepaTypaMH h o CBa3ax pyccKoii JiHTepaTypbi c HecnaBaHCKHMH jiHTepaTypaMH (pOMaHCKHMH, TepMaHCKHMH H T. fl.). KaK H3BeCTHO, TaKHe Bonpocbi 6bIJlH nOCTa-BjieHbi b paae /ioKJia,aoB h coo6iiieHHii, npe/icraBJieHHbix Ha nocjieanHX Cbe3ziax CJiaBHCTOB — MOCKOBCKOM H COlJlHHCKOM1 — npaBfla, B MeHbHieH CTeneHH B Teo-peTHHeCKOM njiaHe, b Gojibiueii CTeneHH b KOHicpeTHbix npoaBJieHHax no OTHOine-hhk) k pyccKoii jiHTepaType o/ihoh hjih /jpyroii H3 eBponeflcKHX JiHTepaTyp. BbiJio 6bl HeCOMHeHHO HHTepeCHO H njIOflOTBOpHO flJia pa3BHTHa CpaBHHTejIbHOTO JIH-TepaTypoBeaeHHa, zuia H3yneHHa B3aHM0CBa3eii Me*Ay JiHTepaTypaMH, onpeae-jiHTb cneuH(|)HKy cooTHomeHHH pyccKOH JiHTepaTypbi He TOJibKO Boo6me c «He-cuaBaHCKHMH» CTpaHaMH, ho OTAejibHO c TaKHMH rpynnaMH KaK poMaHCKaa, rep-MaHCKaa, c boctohhwmh JiHTepaTypaMH2, y/icjiaa b paBHOH Mepe BHHMaHHe Teo-peTHHecKHM npoSjieMaM, a TaK*e KOHKpeTHbiM cooTHomeHnaM, Kacaacb cyflb6b! toto hjih /ipyroro nncaTena, npoH3Be/ieHHa h t. fl.3
     1	Mohcho SbiJio hm yKa3aTb Ha Tarae coo6mennii KaK: J. D o 1 a n s k y, Spolelne o becne, zaKonitosti vejvoje slovansxych a neslovansKych literatur, W. B. Edgerton, The penetration of Nineteanth century russian literature into the ather slavic Countries, Co<j>M, 1963; <J?. Boji.iMan, Memoduna cpaenume.ibHozo cmshhckozo numepamypoeedemH, Mocraa, 1958 r.
     2	3T0My Bonpocy nocBameHbi Tpyflbi pazia cobctckhx HCCJieaoBaTejiefi KaK aKafl. H. C. KoHpaa, O. JI. IIlH(})MaH h t. a.
     3	Meatay apyrHMH pa6oTaMH, cm. c6ophhk BiaiiMoceniu u elauModeucrneu.H naituonajibnbix jiumepamyp, M., 1961.