9
JlMHrBMCTHHECKHE ACTIEK'Ibl nEPEBOflA
405
    Hapajiy c nacTbiM ynoTpeGjieHHeM A06aB0HHbix cjiob, KOTcpwx Tpe6yeT jih6o CHMeTpHHHOCTb pyMblHCKOH cj)pa3bl, JIH60 TOT <j>aKT, HTO OTflCJlbHbie pyMblHCKHe 3KBHBajieHTbi Hecnoco6Hbi nepeflaBaTb caMH, 6e3 BcncMoraTejibHbix sjkmchtob, 3HaneHHe cooTBeTCTByiomHx pyccKHX cjiob, — b npouecce nepeBOAa flOBOJibHO nacTO Ha6jiK>AaeTCH h oGpanioe aBjieHHe, 3aKJHOHaK>meeca b tom, hto KeKOTopbie pyccKHe cjioBa hjih jieKCHHecKHe 3JieMeHTbi no TeM hjih »hum npHHHHaM He ne-peBOAJITCH Ha pyMblHCKHH a3bIK.
    B CBH3H C 3THM, 3HaHHTejlbHOe KOJIHHeCTBO H3blK0BbIX SJieMeHTOB, aBJiaiOUIHXCa OMenb Bbipa3HTe;ibHbiMH h Heo6xoflEMbiMH b npeAeJiax pyccKoro opnrHHajia, b pyMbiHCKOM nepeBo^e n0CJieA0BaTeJibH0 nponycKaioTca. TaKOBbiMH aEJiaiOTca, HanpHMep, MecroHMeHHa caMbiii h com: «Moa co6aica MefljieHHO npnGjiHacajiacb k HeMy, Kaic BApyr, copBaBinncb c 6jiH3Koro flepeBa, cTapbiii HepiiorpyAHbiii Bopo-6efl KaMHeM ynaji nepeA comou ee MopAoii» = «Ciinele se apropia incet, cind deo-data zbucni dintr-un copac invecinat ovrabie batrina cu pieptul negru, care cazu ca un pietroi in fa{a botului sau» (TypreHeB, Bopo6eu)\ «Oh yBHfleji TaM MHoro npocHTejieii, a Me*Ay npocHTejiaMH h comozo reHepajia, KOTopbiii y*e Hanaji npHeM npouieHHii» = Dadu de o mulpme de petiponari si in mijlocul lor 11 zari pe con-silier, care incepuse sa primeasca cererile (MexcB, CMeprb mmoenuKa).
    Xoponmii h npaBHjibHbiii nepeBOA conpaweH c H3BecTHbiMH OTcrynjieHHSMH ot TeKCTa opHrHHajia. Cpe/in sthx OTCTynjieHHii (hx moxcho climaib cKopee Ka-»ymHMHCH hjih mhhmbimh) cjieziyeT OTMeTHTb h Te cjiyiiaH, KorAa npH nepeBOfle nponycKaioTCH n0JiH03HaHHbie cJiOBa, K0T0pbie paccMaTpHBaiOTca KaK Hecyine-CTBeHHbie hjih Aaace jihihhhc c tohkh 3peHHa pyMHHCKoro a3biKa. Mbi HMeeM b BHfly BO-nepBbix TaKHe BbipaacsHKa KaK OKcnuaaen.cn h 0i<a3aA0Cb, K0T0pbie, npn Been hx HecoMHeHHoii Bbipa3HTejibH0CTH, HHKorfla He nepeBOAaTca: «Ho Kor^a Cmhp-HOBa npHinjia 3a JlyTOXHHbiM, oKa3ajiocb, hto oh cnHT» = Dar cind Smirnova veni sa-1 ia, Jlutohin dormea (B. ITaHOBa, CnyniHUKu).
    B TaKOM »ce nojioaceHHH HaxoAHTca h Hapenne noueMy-mo, KOTopoe TaKace noMTH Bceraa nponycKaeTca, HecMOTpa Ha to, hto bo Bcex cjioBapax ero nepeBO-AaT 6ojiee hjih MeHee HCKyccTBeHHbiMH oGopoTaMH BpoAe: ’din cine §tie ce motive’, ’nu se stie de ce’, ’nu stiu de ce’: «Ho CynpyroB 6ma 3aHaT nanHpocofi, KOTopaa noueMy-mo noTyxjia» = «Dar Suprugov era ocupat in acest moment cu {igara, care se stinsese» (B. naHOBa, CnymnuKu).
    CnopaflHHecKH nponyocaioTca, aBjiaacb HecymecTByeHHHMH, TaKHe cjioBa KaK dance, hukok h AP- «OHa hukok He oacHAajia TaKoro erpauiHoro pemenHa h b cbok) OHepeflb pa3peBejiacb» = «Nu se astepta la o hotarire atit de infioratoare si incepu sa bocea s ca» (TypreHeB, «Iloeecumb ero!)', «OaMHjiHio oHnpoH3Hec c T3khm OTKpoBeHHbiM noAoGocTpacTHeM, HTO EoGpoBy dance cflejiajiocb npoTHBHO» = «Pronunfase numele cu un servilism atit de vadit, incit lui Bobrov i se facuse scirba» (KynpHH, Mo/iox).
    CjioBa, o KOTOpbix 6biJia penb Bbirne, npn nepeBojie onycKaK>Tca, neK0T0pbie H3 hhx noHTH 6e3 HCKjiioHeHHa, a flpyrne TOjibKO b onpeAejieHHbix ycjioBHiix. Co6-CTBeHHO TOBOpa, OHH He aBJiaiOTCa HenepeBOAHMblMH, HO COrjiaCHO CTHJlHCTHHeCKHM m 3CTeTHHecKHM HopMaM pyMbiHCKoro a3biKa, BOcnpHHHMaioTCH KaK HecymecTBeH-Hbie hjih Aaxce cobccm jihhihhc a3biKOBbie 3JieMeHTbi. C Apyroii CTopoHbi, HacToii-HHBbie nonblTKH HeKOTOpbIX nepeBOAHHKOB COXpaHHTb HX BO HTO 6bl TO HH CTajIO