19
«PEAJIH3M» - no AAHHblM CJIABHHCKMX JlHTEPATyP
245
chbho BTopraroTca b peBOjnouHOHHyio jiHTcpaxypy n HeKOTopoe BpeMH rocnoa-CTByiOT b Heñ x.
    Ho HecMOTpa Ha 3to, ziaxe y ee hctokob npojieTapcicaa JiHTepaTypa 6biJia jnrrepaTypoíí aHTHp0MaHTHMecK0H. Bbuia aHTHpoMaHTHHecKOH b toh Mepe, b ko-TopoH Sopojiacb npoTHB jnoGoro pa3Jia/ia Me>Kfly HCKyccTBOM h fleñcTBHTejib-HOcrbK)2. A npoTHB MOflepuHCTCKHx TeneiiHH oHa BbicTyna;ia jiHuib Toraa, Koraa B HHX yKpbIBajIHCb TeilJieHUHH K OTBep>KeHH'rO peBOJHOUHOHIIblX H/ieajTOB nofl Mac-K0H BbICBo6o>KiieHHJl H3 THCKOB JiloGblX COUHajIbHblX 3anpOCOB. B y'A'e HHTHpOBaH-hoh HaMH CTaTbe BopoBCKHH, HanpHMep, Bii;ieji «6ypa<ya3Hyio cymnocTb» MOflep-hhctob b tom ynopcTBe, c KOTopbiM ohh npn3biBajiH h nHcaTejieñ H MHTaTejieH 6e*arb «ot oGujecTBemioñ fleHTeJibHOCTH, ot nojiHTHKH, ot aotm, nporpaMM h BCeB03M05KHbIX «nyT» — K HHflHBHflyajlbHOH 5KH3HH, K TOp>KeCTBy njIOTH, K CBO-6oz;e ot bchkoh o6H3aTejibHoií MopajiH h jaa*e jiothkh»3. B kohchhom cneTe b TOM Míe CMbICJie HyaCHO BOCnpHHHMaTb H3BeCTHbIH J103ynr JlCHHHa, CTOJlb Kopo-6hihhh h ceroflHa HeKOTopbix sctctob: «,3,ojioh JiHTepaTopoB 6ecnapTHÍÍHbix! flo-jioií jiHTepaTopoB CBepx-HejiOBeKOB!»4. B nepcneKTHBe BpeMeHH hcho, hto JlenHii OTHlOflb He HMeji b BHfly 0praHH3aHH0HHyK> npHHaAJie>KHOCTb hjih HenpHHaajiexc-HOCTb nncaTejieñ k napTHH, a hmchho acTeTHHecKoe OTHOiueHtie, npeTeH3HH Heico-Topbix MeMnHOHOB «a6cOJHOTHOH CBoGoflbl» HCKyCCTBa, MTO, MOJI, OHH, KaK xy-ÍIOJKHHKH He TOJIbKO HMeiOT npaBO, HO H flOJDKHbl OTBepraTb BCHFCyK) «CBSI3b» C 6opK>IHHMHCH CTOpOH3MH, fla6bl HMeTb B03M05KII0CTb 6e3CTpaCTHO BbICTynaTb B POJIH ap6HTpOB, BO HMH OTKpOBeHHH flOHieflHlHX flO HHX OTKVfla-TO H3BHe peajlb-hocth h H3BHe pa3yMa. 3amHTa peajiH3Ma, nocTOJibKy noocojibicy Mbi MO>KeM H/ieH-TH(j)HHHpOBaTb TaKOByiO B HpOTpaMMHblX BblCTynjieiIHflX £0 nepBOH MHpOBOH BOH-hh, HHKorfla He nepepacTajia sto 0CH0BH0e TpeSoBaHKe: hctohhhkom acTeTHMecKHX UemiOCTeM MO>KeT 6bITb TOJIbKO fleHCTBKTejIbHOCTb nOTOMy, MTO H3 fleHCTBHTejlb-
     1	KoHKpeTHbie npiiMcpu mu Moran 6bi 6e3 ocoSwx 3axpynneHHñ H3BJieHb H3 cHMBOJinHecKOM npo3M ropbKoro, H3 naTCTHHCCKHx paccKa30B Cepa())HMOB5i4a, jrameHHbix nepcoHaxceíí b KJiaccH-necKOM CMbICJie 3xoro noiiíiTHSi, mí peco.iiouKOHHOíi no33HH, npocJiaBJiaiomeií *:epxBy bo hmíi CBeraoro Syaymcro, aavKe m armanHOHUbix cthxob /J,CMb«na Ecaiioro, h roo Bceit «xcboíí» nos-3hh cnaBHHCKHx ii HecnaBaHCKHX CTpaH, o KOTopoií yace 6biJia penb. Mw He HCMiOHaeM flaace Tanoro nporoBeaeHHa KaK poMaH ropbKoro Mamb, cTpyKTypa KOToporo narxiauHO roBopax o HaMepe-hhh aBTopa co3AaTb peaJiHCTHnecKoe nporoBefleHiie b TpaflHimoHHOM CMbICJie. Ho Moacex 6biTb HMeHíio H3-3a 3Toro e xyfloacecTBeHHofi tohkh 3penH;i poMaH MeHee yaanen. Ero nacpoc npocTO «He yMcmaexcíi» b npoKycTOBO Jioace ycxapeEinHX (Jjopm; oxcKwa xo oinymeHHe ncKyccxBeHHocxH,
o	KOXOpOM rOBOpHJIH H HeKOTOpbie KpHXHKH MapKCHCTbI.
     2	B cBsnn c BbimenpuBexeuitbiMH nojioweHH«MH Mbi MyEciBycM ce6a c6ü3aHHbiMH yTOMiiHTb Hamy no3Hinno h no oxHomeHHio k TOMy, hio 06biKH0seHH0 HasbiBaexc« «poMaHiH3MCM» Fopb-Koro. no HameMy mhchhíc, b xBopnecxBe sxoro nneaxejia eexb h eyryGo pcmehxhmcckhc BeuiH, KaK, HanpHMep: Maxap Wydpa, Cmapyxa Miep.m.'ib, IlecHH o CoKOjie, O uuMce, Komopbiü /iicut, u o dninAe — Aioóume.ie ucmuHbi, ho n ripoH3BeAenna, K0T0pbie, xoxa h HanHcaHbi b xoií *e cthjih-CTHHeCKOií XOHaJlbHOCXH, V5KC He aBJiaiOXCa pOMaiITHMeCKHMH, epeflH Koxopbix Mbl MOrJIH 6bl Ha-3BaTb aaace HeAoeeKa h IJecwo o Eypeeecrr.HUKe. Ohh He poMaiiXKHHbi nOTOMy hxo b hhx jiomhhh-PyeT npH3bIB K 5ÍCH3HH, K peaJIbHOCXH. POMaHXHHeCKHe npOH3BefleHHH, KOHeHHO, nOMTH BCerfla naxeiHHHbi. Ho o6paxnoe — He BepHo; He Bce naxexmecKoe — poMainxiHHO. B CBoelí uejiocT-HOCXH XBOpMeCXBO ropbKoro IiareXHHHO, HO He pOMaHXHHHO.
    3B. B. Bopobckhm, O 6yp3Kya3HOcmu Modepuucmos, b cSopmrKe «JtaxepaxypHO-KpHTH*¡ecKHe cxaxbH», MoeKBa, 1956, cxp. 181.
     4 143 cTaxbH napmuÜHan opzamnaijun u naptnuünaa Aumepamypa; cm. «JleHHH o Kyjibxype h HCKyccxBe», MoeKBa, 1956, cxp. 42.