382
EJIEHA JIOrHHOBCKAK
naiomHHca, KaK MBecTHO, KpaxoM, CKOJibKO o6pa3 Taviapbi, ee «TporaTejibHaa» (htoGbi Hcn0Jib30BaTb Bbipaacemie Terejia) acepTBa h 6oacecTBerfHoe B03Harpaac-jiemie: «O/ta cmpadana u ntoóujia, / M paìi OTKpbiJica a fin jhoóbh»2.
    06pa3 TaMapbi h cj)HHaji nosMbi jienco pacKpbiBaiOTca TaKace b CBeTe KOHuen-Uhh IIIejiJiHHra. HociiTejibHiiua <OHTy3Ha3M ao6pa» — ito/ijihhhoh, caMOOTBep-aceHHoii jik>6bh — TaMapa hmchho nosTOMy nojiynaeT npomeHHe 6ora, KOTopbiH h «ecTb JiioSoBb», h ee B03HeceHHe Ha He6o OKa3biBaeTca cmmbojihhcckhm botoio-meHHeM Hjien TopacecTBa jifoGbh h floGpa.
    OflHaKo Bce sth napajiJiextH hmciot cmmcji jiauib b tom cjiyiae, ecjin noflMep-KHBaeTCH h KopeHHoe OTjiHHHe Hfleii JlepMOHTOBa ot hcmchkhx (})Hji0C0(|)0B-H/iea-jihctob, OTJiHHHe, ncxo/iamee, Bepoamo, H3 ero mhcto no3THHecKoro xynoacecT-BeHHoro BocnpHHTHS h OTpaaceHHa Miipa, ho TaKace h H3 o6ycJioBJieHHoro sthmh (a MoaceT 6biTb, h /ipyrMMM, Ha stot pa3 MHp0B033peHHecKHMa) c[)aKTopavin cy-mecTBGHHO HHoro B3rjiHaa nosTa Ha nyTH h bo3mo»chocth pa3pemeHHa npoTHBo-penHH, K0T0pbie oh xyfloacecTBeHO pacKpbiBaeT b CBoeñ nosMe, KaK sto aejiaioT b hhom, <j)HJi0C0(})CK0M njiaHe UiejijiHHr h Terejib.
    CnHTaa HopMoìi h 06pa3H0M poMaHTHnecKoro HCKyccTBa >KHBonncb cpe/i-HeBCKOBbH, Terejib pacKpbiBaeT nyTH npeo,aojieHHa npoTHBopeHHii jihhhoto h o6mero b /iyxe nojioTeH BejimaìiuiHX MacTepoB stoh snoxn. OTcìoaa ero paccyac-fleHHe O TOM, HTO udeaAbHOÜ CTOpOHOH B STOH aHTHHOMHH aBJiaeTCa «npHMHpe-HHe cyS beKTHBHoro LiyBCTBa c 6oroM», «GeccTpacTHaa pejrarH03Haa jno6oBb», ko-Topaa ¡JBJiaeTca pe3yjibTaTOM «OTpeneHHa ot caMoro ce6a,... oTKa3a ot ce6a», Koraa HejioBeK acepTByeT «HenpHCTynHOH rpaHbio CBoero CBoeo6pa3Ha»
    Eme apne pacKpbiBaeTca noHoGnaa ace KOHuermwa b pa6oTax LUejuninra. TaK-ace oTTanKHBaacb ot hhslsiqktiìkw oSinero h ocoGoro, ot ctojikhOBeHHa npoTH-BOpeHHH, IIIejUIHHr CTpeMHTCa npHMHpHTb STH npOTHBOpeHHa, jijih nero OH Bbl-HyacaeH npn6erHyTb k CToameMy Ha/i hhmh h xiatomeMy hm pa3peuieHne cjiaKTopy
—	Bory.
    Chmboji 6ora y IflejuiHHra ohchb uinpoK, h kohchho, OTHlOflb He cboahm k TpaflHHHOHHOMy 6n6HeHCKOMy GoacecTBy. B onpeflejieHHbiH momcht oh chmbo-JIH3HpyeT H BblCJLHHH HpaBCTBeHHbffl KpHTepHH, B CBeTe KOTOpOTO KpHTHKa 60r0-6op>iecTBa BbicTynaeT y HeMeuKoro (J)HJioco(j)a KaK CBoero pofla pasoSjianeHne HHüHBHflya;iH3Ma, 3aMbiKaK>mero HejioBeKa b paMKH CBoero y3KO-3rOHCTHHecKoro MHpKa. Ho BMecTe c TeM np0B03rjiameHHe 6ora BbicuiHM KpH'repHeM, HenocTHaca-MbiM ajia nejioBeKa, noHeBOJie npHHHacaeT HejioBenecKyio jihhhoctb, pacTBOpaeT HHHHBHAyajxbHoe Hanajio bo isceoSmeìi aócTpaKTHoii «jhoSbh». IlonMTKa ripeoao-jieTb 3to npoTHBopenHe 3acTaBJiaeT IHejuiHHra bbccth naeio ;io6pa KaK «GoacecT-BeHHoro eziHHeHHJi Hanaji» b caMOM nejioBeKe. Ho sto «HCTHHHoe ao6po MoaceT
     1	Mach Terena TaK»ce npHBJieKaiOTCH hsmk fljia npocToro conocTaBJieHH«, 6e3 nomiTKH ycTaHOBjieHHü KaKHX-jiH6o «HCT04HHK0B» hjih «BJiHaHHñ». Hsbccthmh <|)aKT nnipoKoro pacnpoc-TpaHeHHa «rere/ibsiHCTBa» b Pocchh 30—40—x rr. XIX BeKa, ziyMaeTca, noflTBepacnaeT 3aKOHOMep-HOCTb TaKoro conocTaBJieHHH. fljia noaKpenaennsi 3Toro c|)aKTa comjieMca 3,aecb Jinuib Ha CTaTbio BenHHCKoro o repoe Hautezo epe.ueuu, aHajTH3Hpyiouiyio poMaH JlepMOHTOBa b ayxe rere.ibanCKOíi KOHuenqHH jihhhocth (cm. B. T. EeJiHHCKHìi, Ilo.inoe coèp. con., t. IV, crp. 243, 253—254 h flp.).
     2	TereJib, Cownemn, t. XIV, CTp. 33.