XyflOaCECTBEHHA.« CTPyKTyPA «flEMOHA»
377
B hcm po>K;iaeTcsi míicjib o CHJie m 3uaLiMTejibHocTH Hapoaa, ero nprnacTHocTH k noAJiHHHoñ KpacoTe >kh3hh (EopoduHo, Poduua). y Hero noaBjiHeTCH yóeame-HHe, mto «xyxce Bcero He to, mto H3BecTHoe KOJiHMeciBO jiiofleñ TepnejiHBo cTpa-AaeT, a to, hto orpoMHoe kojihhcctbo CTpaaaeT, He co3HaBaa SToro»1.
    B CBeTe 3THX H3MeHHBUIHXCH B3rJI8AOB H paCCM&TpHBaeT, H CyflHT n03T CBO-ero repon — h poManraHecicoro repon BooGme. He cjiynaHHo b HeicoTopbix H3 ero nocjie/iHHx npoM3BeaeHHH Ha6jno,naeTcn ya<e hbhmw nepecMOTp oTflejibHbix «ae-MOHHHeCKHX» HaCTpoeHHH H CHMBOJIOB (HanpHMep, CTHXOTBOpeHHe BüJiepUK c xapaKTepHbiMH 3anBJieHHnMH: «/J,ymoio Mbi flpyr apyry nyayud/ Aa spn# jih ecTb po^cTBo aymH...»; «y 6ora cnacTbn He npouiy/ H mojito 3Jio nepeHomy)« — mo-MeHT eme 6ojiee xapaKTepHbiií — nonbiTKa HañTH KOHKpeTHoe cou,HajibHoe Ha-nojiHeHHe hohhthh H^eajia, CBH3aTb ero c HapoaoM, c noAJiHHHbiM ryMaHH3MOM npocroro nejioBetca (Eopodimo, Tlojm, Poduna, BcuiepuK h ap.), c «rop/ioñ Bepoñ B JHO/ICM H >KH3Hb HHytO» (¡laM.HmU OdoeBCKOeo). C 3THM CBH3aHO M KpHTHMeCKOe OTHOLueHHe nosTa k poMaHTHHecKOMy repoK) b pnae npoH3BeaeHHH nocJieAHHx neT. He cjiynaHHo b nosMe CautKa oh OTrpaHHHHBaeTcn ot coc|)hcthkh «Mopa-jihctob»:
               . . . ü COBCeM He MOpajIHCT
               Hh 6jiara b 3Jie, hh 3na b Ao6pe He BHacy
                51 najiany He aaM noxBajibHbiit jihct,
               Ho KJieBeToñ repon He yHH>Ky.
    3th cjioBa cBH/ieTejibCTBVioT o BbipaSoTKe y no3Ta 6ojiee hctkhx sTHnecKHX npecATaBJieHHH, ne CMeuiHBaiomHXCH c ycjioBHbiMH npeactaB.rieHhhmh «TOJinbi», ho h He oGjra/jarciüuix yace hbhmm pejwTHBH3M0M MbimjieHHn caMoro nosra b iohocth. B CBeTe sthx npeacTaBjieHHH b CBoeñ 3HaMeHHTOíí ¿Jy.ue oh rHeBHO KJieHMHT «nOCTbIJHoe» paBHOflyiHHe CBOHX COBpeMeHHHKOB K A06py H 3Jiy, B Cl(ü3Ke ó/ih demeü HaviepeBaeTcn aaTb caTuprnecicyK) 3apncoBKy repon, CTOJibKO JieT njie-HHBiuero ero K)HouiecKyK) (j)aHTa3Hio h, naKOHeu, b repoe Haiuezo epeMenu ocy-mecTBJiaeT HavreHCHHoe yace b Macicapade n Caiui<e peaJibHoe BoruiomenHe stoto repon, n03B0jiHBmee He T0JibK0 pacKpbiTb, ho b HiBecTHOw Mepe h o6t>hchhti» ero npOTHBOpeHHBOCTb.
    Ho ecjiH nocjie^HHe npoii3Be,zieHHn JTepMOHTOBa TeM caMbiM yace npoKjiaabi-BaiOT nyTH zijth .aaJibHeíimero pa3BHTHn pyccKoñ JiHTepaTypbi, npe/iBocxnman Tojictoto, /JocToeBCKoro2 h bcio peajiHCTHHecKyK) JiHTepaTypy XIX Beica, CTOJib CTpacTHO norpyaceHHyio b pemeHHe MopajibHbix npoGjieM, to no3Ma JJeMon oc-TaeTca Hanóojiee npKHM bo Bceñ pyccKoíí JiHrepaType oGpasuoM poManmmecKoü nocTaHOBKH Tex ace npoSjieM, cBoero pozia KyjibMHHaiiHOHHMM nyHKTOM, 3aKJiio-HaiOHÍHM B ce6e BCIO IipOTHBOpeHHBOCTb, BCK) CyiHHOCTb pOMaHTHHeCKOrO MHpO-BOCnpHHTHH.
    M b stom nyHKTe y JlepMOHTOBa HajiHuo pacxoacaeuiix c ho3ahhm EejiHH-ckhm. Mjeaji «HOBoro poManTH3Ma», np0B03rjiamaeMbiH kphthkom, »bho bmxo-
     1	Cm. 06 3tom E. M. 3Mxen6ayM, Cmambu o JlepMomnoee, crp. 91—98.
     2	O 6jih30Cth aBTopa JJeMona k TojICtomv h /l0CT0eBCK0My nmneT M. Hobhkob b pa6oTe JlepMOHmoe e ceeme coepeMeHHOcmu. Cm.: Lermontov ín lumina contemporaneitatii, „Romanosla-vica“, XII, EyxapecT, 1965, p. 171 — 172.