POJIb JIEKCHKH B C03AAHHH BECC0Í03HH
67
pH3yiomHMHCH aôcojooTHbiM 6eccoio3HeM, KaK HanpHMep: 1. «il nacTo ziyMaio (TaK, bot KaK, bot o HeM ...): hto, ecjiH 6ti...». 2. «Tenepb cnpocHM (bot hto ...): neM ace OTjiHHaiOTca...». 3to onaTb-TaKH flOKa3broaeT He coio3Hoe, a Bonpocn-'rejibHoe 3HaneHHe MecroHMeHHH nmo h next b paccMaTpHBaeMbix npHMepax. B 3-eM npHMepe BTopaa nacTb BbipaaceHa BonpocHTejibHbiM npeztnoaceHHeM flpy-roro THna. ÓjHiaKO bo Bcex npHMepax BonpocHTejibHbiH xapaKTep BTopoii HacTH «BJiaeTca OCHOBHOH npHHHHOH, onpe/iejisnomeK aòcojiioTHoe 6eccoio3He. 3to ao-Ka3bIBaeTCH TeM, HTO COK>3Haa CB33b CTaHOBHTCa BO3M05KH0H npn 3aMeHe BOnpO-CHTejibHoro npeflJioaceHHa noBecTBOBaTejibHbiM; cpaBHHTe: «Ä hhcto flyMaio, hto oh oluh6c3»—«il nacTO ziyMaio: oh oniHÖca». Tanaa 3aMeHa HeB03M0acHa, ko-HeHHO, b cJToacHbix npejiJioaceHHax c BonpocHTejibHbiMH no 3HaneHHK) onopHbiMH rjiarojiaMH (cm. 2-oh npHMep).
    Beccoio3Hbie npezuioaceHHa BTopon pasHOBHZiHOCTH jioBOJibHO pa3Hoo6pa3Hbi. 3to pa3Hoo6pa3He onpe^ejiaeTca KaK ceMaHTHKOH onopHbix rjiarojioB, Tax h BHjiaMH BonpocHTejibHbix npeAJio>KeHHH, KOHKpeTH3HpyiouiHX coAepacaHHe rjia-rojioB. Mbi nocTaBHJiH ce6e nejibio ziaTb TOJibKO o6myK) xapaKTepncTHKy koh-CTpyKHHH 3TOH pa3HOBHAHOCTH, XOTK OHH MOHIH 6bl 6bITb OÒBeKTOM OTflejIb-Horo caMOCToaTejibHoro HccJie/ioBaHHa.
    2.	Ko BTopoii noarpynne othochm cjioacHbie npeflJioaceHHH, xapaKTepH3y-lornHeca cjie^yiomeH 4>opMyjioìi, cxeMOH, Mo^ejibro: zaozoa c oôtifUM 3nanenueM UMemb (npuoôpemamb) kokoü-auôo end (+ =) noeecmeoeameAbnoe npeÒAOMceuue, KOHKpemu3upywufee moòpajKenue, u3A0Mcenue dannozo euda, HanpHMep: l.«3aKOH ToacaecTBa MoacHo (JiopMyjmpoBaTb: „A ecmb A, m.e. ecmuü npeÒMem ecmb mo, wno oh ecmb“» (T. M. HejinaHOB, YneònuK aozuku, MocKBa, 1947, CTp. 56);
2.	«CyacaeHHe A AB HHTaerca: „CyMcdenue A u 5“». 3. «Cyacaemie AVB hh-TaeTCii: „Cyytcdeme A uau B“» (fl,. n. T o p c k h fi, ym3. con., CTp. 118)1.
    Ee3ycjioBHo, h b cjioacHbix npe,HJioaceHHax 1-oh noarpynnbi ceMaHTHKa onopHbix rjiarojioB nrpaeT ôojibuiyio pojib b coszkihhh aöcojnoTHoro 6eccoK»3Ha, ho ÆOMHHHpyiomeH npHHHHOH aBJiaeTca BHfl BTopon HacTH: OHa BbicTynaeT hjih KaK noGyaHTejibHoe hjih KaK BonpocHTejibHoe npeaJioaceHHe. floMHHHpyioiHHH xapaKTep TaKoii npHHHHbi aoKa3biBaeTca HeoòxoflHMOCTbK) npeo6pa30BaHna BTopon HacTH b npe,unKaTHBHyK) e/iHHHHy flpyroro BH/ia æjih cos^anHa bo3mo*hocth ynoTpeòjieHHH coio3ob.
    B KOHCTpyKHHax ace BTopoii noflrpynnbi ocHOBHaa npHHHHa HeBO3MoacH0CTH ynoTpeöjieHHa cok>30b coctoht b ceMaHTHKe onopHbix rjiarojiOB. OnopHbie rjia-rojibi b TaKHX npeAJioaceHHax aojiacHbi 6biTb rjiarojraMH onpe/iejieHHoro ceMaH-THHecKoro Kjiacca, AOJiacHbi npnuazuieacaTb k onpeaejieHHbiM ceMaHTHHecKHM MHKpocTpyKTypaM. Cioaa BKJHonaioTca, HanpHMep, rjiarojibi c oòihhm bhckoh-TeKCTyajibHbiM hjih KOHTeKCTyajibHbiM snaneHHeM mvieib (iipiioñpcrarb) KaKoii-.niGo bh;i: cßopMyAupoeamb (cßopMyAupoeambcn), mmambcn, o6o3nawmbcn, moópaMca-mbcn, pacuAemmbcn h zip. ri03T0My Mbi h bkjhohhjih b Mo.aejib KOHCTpyKUHÜ bto-poH nozirpynnbi TaKoii oôihhh an a Bcex hx onopHbix rjiarojioB ceMaHTHHecKHH npH3H3K. BTopaa nacTb floJiacHa 6biTb KOHKperabiM H3o6paaceHHeM, H3JioaceHHeM KaKOH-jiHÒo a3WKOBOH e/jHHHUbi (name Beerò 3aKOHOB, (JjopMyji, chmbojiob), apy-
     1 Mw BfcnioMaeM KOHCTpyKinm, npeaCTaBJienHbre 2-bim h 3-hm npnMepa.\in, b cjioacmie npeano>KeHKa, TaK KaK BTopaa aacTb HBJiaeTca b hhx HOMHHaTHBHbiM npeaJioaceHaeM.