372 EJIEHA HOrHHOBCKA» npeflCTaBaa b /»yx ochobhlix Mo.vieHxax: bc/ihmhh h «3jia». OflHaKO sxh cxopoHbi aBJiaioxca iinocTacaMH oóhoü Haxypbi m, HecMoxpa Ha yacacHwií nopTpeT «aacKo-ro ayxa», KaKHM oh npeflcxaBJiaexca TaMape, b BocnpnaxHH wraTejiH /JeMOH oc-xaexca c{)HrypoH xparHHecKoñ — t. e. BejiHHecxBeHHoñ, ho HecMacxHoií. 3xoMy noMoraeT Bxopoií h ochobhoíí njiaH nosMbi: MH(|)0ji0rHHecKHH o6pa3 oacHBaex, BÓMpaa b ce6a cxpacxa h crpeMJieHHa acHBoñ HejioBeHecKoií HH^HBH/iyajibHocxM. OflHaKo, ecjia b npouecce xBopHecKoñ nepepa6oxKH /Jcmoh ripeBpamaexca H3 a6cTpaKXHO OMeplieHHOH MH(J)0ji0rHHecK0H <})HrypM b o6pa3 h .qaace, b H3Becx-hom CMbiejie, xapaKxep, xo napaJuiejibHO Hflex h flpyroñ npouecc — HacbimeHHe ero o6pa3a chmbojihh6ckhm cmhcjiom. CHMBOJiHKa ace nosMbi onpeflejiaexca yace He xojibKO xyfloacecxBeHHbiM BftzieHHeM ee co3/xaxe.xa, ho h ero (}íhjioco(})ckhmh, pejiHrH03HbiMH, 3XMLiecKHMH h np. inrjiaflaMií, npejioMJiaioluhmnca, pasyMeexca, nosxHHecKH, b xyaoacecxBeHHbix o6pa3ax. He06x0flHM0 oTMexHXb, hto yKa3aHHbie HaMH Bbirne cxpyKxypHbie njiaHbi HepMOHXOBCKOH IIOSMbl HBJ1HIOXCH pa3J3HHHbIMH CXOpOHaMH eflHHOrO, HeflejlHMOTO xyaoacecxBeHHoro iiejioro. Hx B3aHM0CBH3b h B3aHMonpoHHKHOBeHHe Hflyx xaK aaneKO, hto, HanpHMep, í|)hjioco4>ckhh cmhcji nosMbi pacKpbiBaexca He nepes ox-BjxeMeHHbie paccyacfleHHa nosxa, a nepes nepeacHBaHHa h ayxoBHbie HCKaHHa repon, a Hcn0Jib30BaHHe MH cymHocxb. BMecxe c TeM fljia pacKpbixna coKpoBeHHoro OMbicjia, «na<})oca» jiepMOHXOB-ckoh no3MM ne06x0;inM0 He xojibKo BbiflejiHTb yKa3aHHbie cjioh ee cxpyKxypbi, ho h BepHo noHaxb hx cooiHomeHHe b npoHSBe/ieHUH. B CBa3H c sxhm BaacHO KaK MONCHO 6ojiee mnpoKo h b xo ace BpeMa tohho onpeflejiaxb acaHp nosMbi, He onyc-Kaa hh o/iHoro H3 BaacHeñuiHX 3JieMeHxoB ee cxpyKxypbi h b xo ace BpeMa He ne-perpynnnpoBbiBaa hx np0H3B0JibH0. 3aMenaHHa o »caHpe nosMbi fíeMou, KaK npaBHJio, Hocax b jiepM0HX0BefleHHH 6onee hjih MeHee cjiy-ianubiñ xapaKxep. BojibiiinHcrBo KOMMeHxaxopoB, He CTaBa cneuHajibHo Bonpoca o acaHpe nosMbi, paccMaxpHBaiox ee KaK ripoH3Bexíenne ncn-xojiorHnecKoe, npHieM ncHXOjiorna pacKpbiBaexca hmh b ochobhom b connajib-hom njiaHe. Han6ojiee xapaKxepHa b 3xom CMHCJie xoHKa 3peHHa A. H. Cokojio-Ba, Koxopbiñ b CBoeií KHHre Ouepxu no ucmopuu pyccKoü no3MU XVIII u nepeoü no-AoeuHbi XIX eeKa xapaKxepH3yex JJeMona KaK THnHHHbiñ o6pa3eu «pyccKoñ poMan-XHHecKoñ nosMbi, KaK oHa cjioacajiacb b TBopnecxBe üymKHHa h fleKaSpHexoB», KaK «cBoeo6pa3HHH nxor pa3Bnxna sxoxo acaHpa b ero nyuiKHHCKOM BapHaHxe». B CBH3H c 3XHM HCCJie,uoBaxejib roBopm o xom, hxo «cioacex JJeMona npeacxaB-jiaex co6oh ruySoKoe nepeocMbicJieHHe rpa,XHUH0HH0H ncxopMH oaHHOKoro repoa» h BHflHX ero CBoeo6pa3ne b xom, hxo «JlepMOHXOB noAsepraex rjiy60K0My h 6ec-noma^HOMy aHajiH3y poMaHXHHecKHH MHAHBn.aya.nH3M KaK counajibHO-nchxojIo-rHHecKoe aBjieHHe». A. H. Cokojiob oTpHiiaeT CBa3b JleMotia c rpazumneH npoH3-BefleHHH o «flyxe 3Jia», npeacxaBJieHHOH b mhpoboh Jinxepaxype npoH3Be/ieHHaMH BañpoHa, Mypa, A. pfi BHHbH1. 1 A. H. Cokojiob, OnepKU no ucmopuu pyccKoü noiMbi XVIII u nepeoü noAoeuHbi XIX eeKa, MocKBa, 1955, ctp. 597—602.