POJIb JIEKCMKH B C03HAKHM BECC0I03H»
65
1.	«Boo6pa3HTe ce6e TojibKo, hto aBjiaeTca BoopyaceHHbiH c Hor zio rojioBbi, Bpozie Pmiajibzia PHHajibAHHa h Tpe6yex: „Tlpodaùme, zoeopum, e ce dyiuu, iwmopbie y\tep-au...“» (H. B. F o r o ji b, con., t. 5, MocKBa, 1953, CTp. 190); 2. «Ho znoziaM, koto-pbie TaK paccy*AaioT... Mbi xothm npeaczie Beerò CKa3aTb: nocmaebine ce uh uà Haute Mecmo» (Tlpaeda, 25. V. 1960); 3. «HnicaKOH 3aKOH He MoaceT cicasan,: nuiuume u Aleno o maKux-mo npeÒMemax, a ne o dpyzux» (A. C. n y m k h h, ilo.ri noe coópanue couunenuù, t. 12, 1949, CTp. 69). rziarojibi, BbicxynaK)ujne naie oiiopHbie, CTepKHeBbie 3JieMeHTbi b TaKHX KOHCTpyKiiHsix, BbipaacaioT npum3, npocbóy, coeem, Mo/ibòy, t. e. bxoziht b ceMaHTHMecKHH Kjiacc rjiarojioB c oGihhm 3HaneHHeM no-GyacAeHHH k zieMCTBHio. FIpHHeM TaKoe 3HaieHHe MoaceT 6biTb KOHCTHTyTHBHbiM npH3HaKOM rjiarojioB (cm. 1-biit npHMep) hjih MoaceT ripHo6pexaTbcsi raarojiaMH b KOHTeKCTe. TaK bo 2-om h 3-eM npHMepax rjiaroji cKa3amb, ne HMeroiuHii BHe KOHTeKCTa 3HaneHHH noóyaczieHHa k zieMCTBMio, npHoGpeTaeT ottchok TaKoro 3Ha-neHHH nofl BJinaHHeM no6yflHxejibHbix npezuioaceHHH. Ro6yziMTejibHoe npezuioace-HHe «ripHcnccaGjiHBaeT» ceMaHTHKy rjiarojioB k ycjioBHsnvr cBoero cjiyHKHHOHHpo-B3HHa B SBblKC B KaHCCTBC KOMnOHeHTa O/IHOH ezIHHOH KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH eAHHHHbi. npHoGpeTeHHe rjiarojiOM ci<a3anib oireHica no6y»czieHHa k zieficTBHio AOKa3biBaeTca BO3M0>KH0CTbK> 3aMeHHTb ero b npHEe/ieHHbix npHMepax apyrHMH rjiaroJiaMH, fljia kotopmx 3HaneHHe noGyacfleHHa k zieiicTBHK) ebjiaerea hx BHeKOHTeKCTyajibHbiM, KOHCTHTyTHBHbiM npH3H3KOM (cpaBHHTe ocymecTBJieHMe TaKOH bo3mo5khocth bo 2-om h 3-eM npHMepax).
    AHajIH3 3TOH pa3HOBHÌ(HOCTH CJIO>KHbIX npe/JJ10»CeHHH CBH/ieTejlbCTByeT o TeCHOM B3aHMOfleHCTBHH CHHTaKCHHeCKHX, CeMaiITHHeCKMX H M0p(J)0J10rHHeCKHX aBJieHHÌi. C oahoh CTopoHbi, ceMaHTHKa rjiarojiOB oGecnenHBaeT B03M0*H0CTb ynoTpeGjieHna bo BTopoìi nacTH noGyzHrrejibHbix npezmoKeHHH: cpaBHHTe hcbo3-Moa<HocTb ynoTpeGjieHHa noóyflHTejibHbix npezyioaceHHÌi npn onopHbix rjiarojiax, OTHOcaiHHxea k ApyrHM ceMaHTHHecKHM KJiaccaM, KaK HanpHMep: cnpamummb, MOAuamb, óeceòoeamb, oòcyotcdamb h zip. C flpyroii CTopoHbi, noGyAHTejibHbie npe/uioACHiia BunaioT Ha ceMaHTHKy rjiarojioB, pacuiHpaa h yMHoacaa ceMaHTH-necKHH KJiacc rjiarojioB co SHaneHnevi noGyaczieHHa k zieHCTBHio. TaKHM 06pa30M, He TOJibKO BTopaa nacTb 3aBHCHT ot rjiarojiOB, ho h rjiarojibi b KaKoii-To Mepe 33BHCaT ot Hee.
    To, hto no6y;iHTejibiibiH xapaKTep npezyio»<eHHa aiuiaeTca ochobhoìì npH-HHHOH HeB03M0>KH0CTH ynOTpe6jieHHH COK)3a B paCCMaTpHBaeMblX IipejUIO>KeHHHX, aoKasbiBaerca TeM, hto zi zi si co3,aaHHa TaKoìi bo3moxchocth iiaao TpaiiccliopMupo-BaTb, npeo6pa30BaTb npeacae Beerò no6yziHTezibiioe iipeujiovKeHHe. CpaBHHTe npn-BeneHiibie npHMepbi c hx cjieziyioiiiHMii BapnaHTaMH: 1. «... h TpeSyeT, nmo6bi npodaAu ece àyuiu...»; 2. «... hm mbi xothm npeacne Beerò CKa3aTb, umofìbi onu nocmaeuAu ce or na Haute Mecmo;» 3. «HiiKaKofi 3aKOH He mokct cKa3aTb, umoóbi Mbi nucaAU uMenHo o maKux-mo npeÒMemax, a He o dpyzux». B pe3yjibTaTe TaKoii «TpaHccjiopMauHH» H3MeHHJica MejionHKo-HHTOHauHOHHbiH pHcyHOK, xapaKTep co-OTHOiueHHa TjiarojibHbix cjjopM CKa3yeMbix, CHHTaKCHHecKoro OTHOiueHHa Meac/iy HaCTSMH, H nOJiyHHJIHCb KOHCTpyKHHH, aBJiaiOUlHeca OTHOCHTejIbHO CpHOHHMHH-HblMH C HCXOaHbIMH npHMepaMH. CoK)3 nmoóbl 3flecb «COaep>KMT CHHTaKCHHeCKoe SHanemie coio3a umo — BbipaaceHHe cHHTaKCHnecKOH 3aBHCHMOCTH—H e me hcko-