416
A. KËBAPH
Mjibio SpeHÔypra, jiaypeaTa Ct3jihhckoh npeMHH 3a JiHTepaTypy . . ,)»1. A b He MeHee h3bccthom «Hwo-MopK TaiiMC» Ajijich YHTMaH, KOToporo Tpy/iHO 3ano-ÎI03pHTb B CHMnaTHHX K COBeTCKHM nHCaTejIHM, r OBOpHT O HOHKOH(j)OpMH3Me 3peH6ypra no othouichmio k nocjieBoeHHOMy «KOMMyHHCTHnecKOMy pe5KMMy» (ynoMHHyTbiH HeKpojior). B to BpeMa KaK b connajiHCTHHecKnx cTpaHax 3peH-6ypra, noflnac npeyBejiHHHBaa, npeB03H0c«T KaK KpynHeninero poMaHHCTa XX BeKa2, no onpeflejieHHbiM HflefiHbiM coo6pa>KeHn»M tj)paHuy3CKHH JinrepaTop Hhho <t»paiiK, CTapbiii 3HaK0MbiH nncaTejia, yBaacaiomHH 3pen6ypra-Heji0BeKa, ôjiecTa-mero co6ece,aHHKa, BecbMa CKeriTHHecKH, .aaace c npeHeôpeaceHneM, 0T3biBaeTcs
o	ero xy/ioacecTBeHHbix npoH3BeaeHHax, CHHTaa hx Her.ny60K0H ny6jiHHHCTHKoii3.
    Aaace 6erjioe 03HaK0MJieHne c 3apy6eacHOH kphthkoh nozucpenjiaeT Harny yBepeHHocTb b tom, hto cobctckhh nncaTejib, Bceraa HaxoiiHBujHHca Ha jihhhh othh b 6opb6e flByx KyjibTyp, paccMaTpHBajica h oneHHBajica h jieBoii h npaBoii npeccoK Ha pa3Hbix 3Tanax CBoeii naTnaecaTHJieTHeH jiHTepaTypH0-06mecTBe-thoh aeaTejTbHocTH npeac^e Bcero KaK npeacTaBHTejib hoboh, cobctckoh H/ieo-jiornH, KaK a<HBoe BonjiomeHHe HacTpoeHHit HHTejuinreHHHH CoBeTCKoro Coio3a. H noflxofl k HeMy 3aBHceji ot KOHKpeTHbix TpeooBaHHii flaHHOH 06mecTBeHH0-nOJlHTHHeCKOH KOHMOHKTypbl.
    B TpeTbeM Peîixe 06 3peH6ypre KaK o micaïejie He ynoMHHajiH, o HeM tobo-pHJiH TOJibKO KaK 06 HaeiiuoM Bpare4. A flJia AparoHa®, JlaHy,6 BiopMcepa7 3peH-6ypr ocTaeTca npexcfle Bcero CTpacTHbiM coBeicKHM naTpHOTOM, BceM cepuueM nOJnOÔHBHJHM OpaHUHK), 60pH0M 3a MHp, 3a TOpXCeCTBO ll e JT OB e H H O CIH H nOAJlHH-ho ryMaHHCTHHecKOH KyjibTypbi. B oahom MHeHtia cxoflaTca. H Apy3bH, HfleiiHbie copaTHHKH, h He/ipyrn (k 3peH6ypry Majio kto OTHOCHJica c 6e3pa3JiHHHeM) npro-HaioT ôojibmyK) KyjibTypy, pa3H0CT0p0HH0CTb 3HaHHii, mnpoKyio 0CBeÆ0MjieH-HOCTb, TOHKOCTb HHTejlJieKTa, OCTpOTy yMa COBeTCKOTO JIHTCpaTOpa.
    «HcTopHHecKaa, a TaioKe jinrepaTypHaa h nojiHTmecKaa KyjTbTypa 3Toro nncaTejia, KOTopbiii He cocToaji hjichom komm}hhcthhcckoii napTHH, 6biJia no-HCTHHe (JjaHTacTHHecKOH. H He BCTpenaji apyroro MCjioBCKa co CTOjib oShihphmmh no3HaHHaMM», — nncaa ApMaH JlaHy8. IlpH6jiH3HTejibHO TaK >Ke OT3biBaeTca o HeM Bhttopho CTpazia: «HHTejuieKT 3peji6ypra—KpeojibCKHH; TBopnecKaa ouy-
     1	ApxHB HjibH SpeHÔypra.
     2	Cm., HanpHMep, npeflHCJiOBHe MBana IlayHOBCKH «3a aBTopoM 3a to3h poMaH» b kh.: Mjm 3peH6ypr, ffenb emopu, Co4>hh, 1967: «HeT Taxoro nHTepaTypHoro BHzia h xcanpa, b kotopom oh He ocTaBHji 3aMeTHoro c.neaa ... », hjih penaKUHomibie 3aMeTKH k BeHrepcKOMy n!aanHK) Tlademn ilapimca: «TIohth meKcmipoBCKoe 31-raHHC rayÔHH MejioBenecKHX OTHOixienufi, e/wa jih He 6ajTB3aK0BCK0e h tOjICtobckoc Bocnpon3Bcaenne HCTopniecKoii aTMOcÿepw h ôoeBaa, ryMa-HHCTmecKaH ri03HHHsi rracaTeJW-KOMMyHHCTa XX Bexa — bot rnaBHiie npH3HaKH xyao*eciBeH-Horo TBopnecTBa 3peHÔypra», Pdrizs bukdsa, ByaanemT, 1954, p. 582.
     3	Hhho <I>paHK, Memoire brisée (Le bruit parmi le vent), napHJK, 1968.
    4	«noüHHHeHHbie re66enbca, — nncajr )KaH-PHUiap Bjiok, —othocht Mnbio 3pen6ypra k MMCJiy BparoB M> 1. Oh CTaji aim hhx CBoero po^a HaBaameHHeM. He npoxo^HT rioHTK ne,aejiM, hto6h kto-jth6o H3 CTOJinoB rHTJiepoBCKOH paiiMonponaranAbi He nbnancH o6pyiiJHTbCH Ha Hero c caMOll CBHpenoii arpeccHcii» (>KypHan «CnaBîrae», Ks 2, 1945, crp. 40).
      5	,,Les lettres françaises“, nr. 1198, 1967.
     6	„Le Figaro Littéraire“, nr. 1117, 1967.
     7	„Les lettres françaises“, 30.XII.1948.
     8	ApMan JlaHy, Ilya Ehrenburg n’a pas connu la terre promise, „Le Figaro Littéraire“, nr. 1117, 1967.