XyflCWKECTBEHHAJI CTPyKTYPA «flEMOHA»
375
aymeBHbie coctohhhh, JlepMOHTOB h TepueH bh/iht oflHHaKOBbie hjih xoth 6bi cxoflHbie nyTH pa3pemeHHH Tep3aiomHX jiyiiiy t3khx jiiofleìi nporaBopenHÌi.
    Ilpe>KAe Beerò, Heo6xo.nHMO, KaK HaM KaaceTca, ynecTb tot (j)aKT, hto Fep-ueH roBopHT He o pOMaHTH3Me Booöme, a o poMaHTH3Me KaK TeneHHH b HayKe. To ace caMoe othochtch h k npoTHBonocTaBJieHHK) SMirapim h HfleajiH3Ma. KaK 6bi HH npHMeHHMbi öbiJiH, b KOHeiHOM c 4 c Te, oi/iejibHbie ßeTajiH rep-ueHOBCKOH KOHuenmiH k AymeBHOMy coctohhhio HejioBexa toh snoxH, a 3HaHHT h k repoK) JlepMOHTOBa, nejib3H, /lVMaeTCii, oToacflecTBjiaTb BbiBOflbi, ic koto-pblM npHXOflHT B CBOHX npOH3Be;ieHHHX n03T-p0MaHTHK H 4)HJ10C0(|)-MaTepHajlHCT.
    3HaHHTejibHO öjinace k JlepMOHTOBy Ecjihhckhh —■ h noTOMy, hto ero yBJie-neHHe p0MaHTH3M0M 6bi.no cHJibnee h aojiroBCHHee, neM y Tepucua, h, maBHoe, noTOMy, hto oh roBopHT o poMaHTH3Me b ccjjepe JiHTepaTypbi h .ayuieBHoro MHpa HejioBeKa.
    PoMaHTHHecKHH «HCKyc» EejiMHCKHH npoxoflHT b KpyacKe rpaHOBCKoro, rae rocnoACTByioT oTBjieneHHbie n;xen hcmcukoh (JjhjiococJjhh, CKB03b npn3My koto-pbix paccMaTpHBaiOTca KOHKpeTHbie npoöJieMbi fleiiCTBHTejiBHOCTH. OTCio/ia, b HaCTHOCTH, HHCTO pOMaHTHHeCKHH B3rjl5I¿t KpHTHKa Ha JTKDÖOBb, TaK »pKO np03-BynaBiuHH b ero nncbMax nepiiozia yBjieneHH» Jl. A. EaKyHHHoii1.
    Ho MyacecTBeHHaa h TpesBaa Mbicjib h cepaue, flBHacHMoe Ha CTOJibKO poMaH-THHeCKOH Hfleeö CBOÔOflbl JIHHHOCTH, CKOJIbKO ajlbTpyHCTHHeCKHM CTpeMJieHHCM K «CBo6o;ie Bcex», b KOHue kohuob, npHBOfliiT KpHTHKa k orpHuanHK) poMaimiwec-Koro HHflHBHaya:iH3Ma h aôcTpaKTHocTH h BbipaßoTKe ôojiee 6jih3khx k >kh3hh COUHajIbHblX, 3THHeCKHX HÆeaJIOB.
    3th Haeajibt HaxoflHT ceöe BbipaaceHHe b ero TeopHH «hoboro poMamroMa», TpaKiyiomerocsi KaK npoÔJieMa jihhhocth («BHyTpeHHero nenoBCKa») b ee otho-iueHHH k MHpy, k oômecTsy, k HCTopHH. Hanöojiee neTKO 3Ta Teopna H3JioaceHa BejiHHCKHM bo 2-oh CTaTbe Commentai A. ITyiuKUHa, r/ie oh pa3JimaeT «poMaH-TH3M epeAHHX BeKOB», HCCyiUHH B Ce6e HepTbl CTapOrO MHp0B033peHHH, H «HOBblH», HJIH «HOBeñlIIHH pOMaHTH3M», KOTOpblií paCCMaTpHBaeTCfl HM KaK 3THKa HOBOTO HejioBeKa, nopBaBuiero c npeapaccyflKaMH cpe/iHeBeKOBOH MOpajiH, 3aMbiKaBmeñ HejioBeKa b 6eiBbixo.aHbiH Mnp BHyTpeHHHX nepeacHBaHHH, h Bbime/imero Ha npo-CTOp «HiyMHO Hecymenca >KH3HH». IIpOTHBOIIOCTaBJISH 3T0T HOCJieaHHH «pOMaH-TH3M» nepBOMy, Ecjihhckhh roBopHT 06 ero cymecTBeHHO hhom othouichhh k jho6bh: «... Ham hobchuihh pOMaHTH3M He ¿iyiviaeT oTpmiaTb jiioöbh, KaK ecTecT-BeHHoro CTpeMjieHHH cepaua, ho TOJibKo TpeöyeT, hto6 sto cTpeMJieHHe He ßbijio nozi3eMHOK), TeMHOK), aACKOK) CHjioK), BOBJieKaiomeio HejioBeKa, KaK b nacTb rpe-Myneä 3Men, b 6e37iny nornöejiH. He OTHHMaa y MyBCTBa cboGoam, Haui poMaH-TH3M TpeöyeT, hto6h h mvbctbo, b cbok) onepexib, He OTHHMano y HejioBeKa cbo-ôoflbi, a ceoöoda ecmb pa3yMH0cmb»2 (noflH. HaMH —E. Jl.). Il0-HH0My pa3pemaeT
     1	XapaKTepHo, hto b 3to BpeMsi kphthk ynoTpeö.iaeT h hhcto poManTHMecKyio TepMHHOJio-rmo. Cp. oTpfciBOK H3 nHCLMâ k HßanoBy: «... 6or ecTb jik>6obi> h HCTma. Bor He ecn> hchto orxiejibHoe OT Mapa, ho 6or b MHpe, noTOMy hto oh Be3fle» (B. T. EeJiHHCKH», IlojiHoe coßpanue coHuuemü, M., 1953—1959, t. XI, crp. 145); H3 rmcbMa k BaKyHHHy b cbs3h c yB.ieneHHCM ero cecTpoñ: «... bua AHrejioB B036yacflaeT b nepTHX tojibko co3HaHHe hx nafleHHa» (XI, 174); « . .. Heo6xoziHMOe CiieaCTBHe jiio6bh 6e3 b33hmhocth sto — Kone6aHne MOKXiy HeôoM h 3eM-Jiero» (XI, 215) h flp.
     2	B. r. BeiiHHCKHH, IJoAHoe co6p. con., MocKBa, 1955, t. VII, crp. 174.