XyflOaCECTBEHHAH CTPyKTyPA «flEMOHA»
381
TejifaHHijeH «3HTy3Ha3Ma Ao6pa», h — b cBeTe Beerò axoro — 3aKOHOMepHOCTi> (pHHajia no3Mbi, rae AJia yBennanHa axoro «noflJiHHHoro ;io6pa» bboahtch hhoìì «TBopeu» h HHbie He6eca, hcm b ochobhoh nacra iiosmm, — bboahtch H/iea 6ora KaK jik>6bh, HAeajia1.
    He MeHee 3aMaHHHBoh npeACTaBjiaeTca h Apyraa napajuiejib. CipeMJieHHe k rapMOHHH — iienb iioiickob /JeMOHa — HecoMHeHHO, nepeKjiHKaeTca c AHajieK-THHecKOH KOHuenuHeH Apyroro HeMeiiKoro MbicjiHTejia, Ferejia, o nojiHOTe Lie-ilOBCHCCKOH HHflHBHAyajlbHOCTH HJIH, KaK OH TOBOpHT Hailie, A}'Xa, O rapMOHHH H 6jia‘/K€HCTBC. yKa3HBafl b cbohx JleKifUHX no 3cmemuKU, Tro un« nejioBeKa HOBoro BpeMeHH He xapaKTepHo yace «HenocpeACTBeHHoe eorjiaene» 11hahbh Ay ajíbHocth «e eyScTaHHHaJibHbiM aneMeHTOM AyxoBoM eymHOCTH h HyBCTBeHHbiM 3jieMeHTOM AyxoBHoro npoaBjiemia», Terejib miniei: «noAJiHHHyio rjiy6HHy h HHTHMHyio noji-HOTy Ayxa eocTaBJiaeT to, hto ayma nepecTpaAajia cboh nyBCTBa, chjih, nepepa-6oTajia bck) cboio BHyTpeHHioK) acH3Hb, hto OHa MHoroe npeoAOjrejia, nepeHecjia ropecTH, HcnbiTajia AyuieBHyio TOCKy h AymeBHyio 6ojib, ho co6jiK>Jia ee6a b 3tom Tep3aHHH h Bepuyjiacb H3 3toh pa3AB0eHH0CTH k ee6e eaMoii»2. 3to eocToaime BHyTpeHHero pa3JiaAa h CTpeMjieHHe AyiHH «BepHyTbea k ee6e eaMoii», KaK xcaacAa rapMOHHH h óinmeHCTBa, xapaKTepH3yeT Bcaicyro poMaHTHHecKH HacTpoeHHyio JlHHHOCTb, H B 3TOM CMbICJie BIlOJlHe HpHMeHHMa K flCMOHy. Ba>K6H 3AeCb H IIOA“ HepKHyTbrà TerejieM (JjaKT, hto sra rapMOHM He HMeer minerò o6meroc«ecTecT-BeHHOH >K H 3 H e p a A 0 C THO C T b IO, HyBCTBOM yaobíictb ope H Ha npH H ae JI a>K A£ H li H H ayineBHOíí oesMaTOKiiocibio», K0T0pbie HaBeKH yTepaHbi h limi /le m oh a. Ilojib-3\HCb cjioBaMH rerejia, mojkho cKa3aTb, hto repoìi JleMOHTOBa OTpaacaeT KaK pa3 tot «oTpHiiaTejibHbiii MOMeHT pa3flBoeHHH», nepexoA nepes KOTopbiii Heo6xo-Ahm AJia AOCTHaceHHH «nojiHoro 6jia>KeHCTBa», rapMOHHH, HAeana, h ero noHCKH JiesKaT HMeHHO b njiaHe npeoAOJieHHa npoTHBopenHH MeacAy «BiiyrpcHHCH acecT-KOCTbK) H HOnOpHOCTbK) CySbeKTHBHOH C(})epbl» H «OAyXOTBOpeHHOÍÍ, BHyTpeHHeíí, oojiee BbicoKoii H/ieanbnoìi crepoli»1.
    napajuienb moxcho GbiJio 6bi npOAOJiaciiTb, pacKpbiB KOHnenmno Terejia o jik>6bh, e ee AHajieKTHKoií o6mero h luijiHBM/iya.ibHoro, e H/ieeíí acepTBbi h yTBep-)KAeHHeM 605KeCTBeHH0H JIK)6bh KaK HCTOHHHKa GjiaaceHCTBa, nOAJIHHHOÌÌ rapMOHHH. IIpHHeM b 3tom njiaHe AJia Hae HHTepecHO He TOJibKo cTpeMJieHHe repoa k «jhoóbh, SjiaaceHCTBy h Ao6py», h Aaace He CTOJibKO stot nopbiB /leMoiia, koh-
     1	Cm. Hlejunmr, OujiococficKue ucc jieòoeamiH o cyufuocmu nejioeeHecKoù ceoSodbi, Cn6., 1908. KoimennHH IHeniuiHra b conocTaBjieHHH c iiosmoìì JlepMOHTOBa nomee pacKpbua b Harneìi pa-6oTe: Poemul Demonul de Lermontov si filozofia lui Schelling b Studii de literaturà, comparata“, ByxapecT, 1968. He nbuascb paccMOTpeTb 3Aecb Bonpoc o 3HaKOMCTBe Jlep-MOHTOBa c (j)Hnoco(J)HeM IIIejuiHHra h 0 bo3mojkhom bjihhhhh nocncflHero Ha nepBoro, mm anajiH3HpyeM hx nporoBeflemia KaK napaji-’iejibubie HBJieHM, conocTaBJieHHe K0T0pbix no3-Bojiser iipne oTTeHHTb CBoeo6pa3He TpaKTOBKH cxoahwx H/ieìi y hcmclikoio MbiCJiHTejia h pyccKoro no3Ta. MacTHino TaKoe conocTaBJieHHe yace 6buio czienaiio b ynoMauyTbix BHHie paSoTax B. M. 3fixen6ay,Ma JIumepamypHan noiuiju.'i JlepMonmoea h H. JI. Bpoxicicoro, M. IO. JlepMOHtnoe, óuozparfm.H. B nocjieflHeli pa6oTe CTaBHTca TaK*e Bonpoc o pacnpocTpaHeHHH naeii UlenjiHHra b Pocchh nepBbix aeciiTH.aeTHH XIX Beica h o bo3mo>khom 3HaKOMCTBe c uhm JlepMOHTOBa. B cbh ìh c 3thm noc.iexiHHM BonpocoM cm. Taxace II. H. CaKyjiHH, 113 ucmopuu pyccKoio udeajiu3Ma. KnH3b B. &. OdoeecKitù, MocKBa, 1913, cip. 30—35.
    2	Terenb, Coumenua, t. XIV, MocKBa, 1958, CTp. 31.
     3	Terenb, mciM jtce, CTp. 32.