214 A. VRACIU Limba Bibliei lui G. Skorina constituie un exemplu de limbá híbrida, aparata in urma stabilirii de corespondenfe intre slavoná $i bielorusá, cu elemente din cehá $i poloná 1. Situaba este, deci, asemánátoare cu cea a sanscritei budiste §i jainiste, spre deosebire de sanscrita clasica. ín Biblie, Skorina pástreazá baza slavoná a textului, dar introduce si elemente pe care le ia din limba vorbitá 2, nu numai din rusa, bielorusá etc., ci $i din lituanianá, pe care el o cunojtea. HEKOTOPblE yTOHHEHMH OTHOCMTEJlfcHO XAPAKTEPA CJIABHHCKOrO SBblKA B CPE^HEBEKOBOH J1HTBE (Pe3K>Me) JlaHHaa CTaTbfl nocBameHa MajioHCCjieflOBaHHOMy Bonpocy o xapaKTepe cjiaBflHCKoro »3biKa jihtobckoB peaaKUHH, Hcn0Jib30BaHH0r0 b KanecTBe «3biKa 0iiUHajibH0r0, xaHuejiapcKoro, KHHjKHoro (jiHTepaTypHoro), uepKOBHOro h, oTiacTH, pa3roBopHoro y 3Toro 6a;iTHücKoro napoaa b anoxy cpe;ineBeKOBbü. CHanana aBTop paccMaTpHBaeT BKpaTue couHanbHO-HCTOpHHecKHe, nojiHTHnecKHe h KyubTypHbie ycjioBHa, iipn Be/im mc k BoaBopeHHio stoto nysmoro nna jiHTOBueB H3biKa, c TeM, hto6h b flajibHeñuieM ocTaHOBHTbca npeHMymecTBeHHO Ha cjitokhoíí ripoS/ieMe onpcaeiieHHH ero noflTHnoB b pa3Hbie 3iioxh. YKaabiBaeTca, b nacTHOCTH, Ha to, hto b ohhhx naMHTHHKax pyccKoe BJiHaHHe CHjibHee, neM b /ipyrnx, b kotophx, Hao6opoT, ripeoS.naaaeT bjihhhhc nojibCKoro a3biKa. K TOMy xce b stom oneiib opHrMna.qbHOM jihtobckom msoae KHH3KHOCJiaB»H-CKOrO H3bIKa HMeiOTCH TaK3Ke JieKCHMeCKHe, (j)OHeTHHeCKHe, MOpijjOJlOrHHeCKHe H CMHTaKCHMCCKHC ajieMCHTbi, 3aHMCTBOB3HHbie H3 nemcKoro, óejiopyccKoro, yKpaMHCKoro, HeMeuKoro, jiaTMHCKoro, jiHTOBCKoro (ecTecTBGHHo) h fla>Ke jiaTbiuicKoro. OaKTHnecKH, sto CBoeo6pa3HbiH rn6pH,iHbiM JI3WK. noflpo6i[biü jiHHrBHCTHMecKHñ anajin3 ero oco6enHOCTeii cocTaBHT yace npe/iMei apyroa pa6oTW. no MHeHHio aBTopa HacTOfliueñ CTaTbH, KHHaaiocjiaBHucKHM a3biK Bejiuxoro KHajKecTBa JlHTOBCKoro 6biJi b ynoTpe6jieHHH He TOJibKO b o4>hunajibHbix aKTax, b jiHTepaTypHbix hjih uepKOBHbix npoHTBCflCHHíix. J\ns¡ onpeflejieHHoro Kpyra jihu oh aBnajica h pa3roBopHbiM a3biK0M> TOHHO TaK*e KaK CJiaBaHCKHÜ ÍHblK B pyMbIHCKHX KHÍT/KCCTBaX. Boo6lUe, paCCMaTpHBaa nojio-aceHHe h cyab6y cjiaBSHCKoro H3biKa b Cpe/IHCBCKOBOH JlHTBe, aBTop iioctohhho HMeeT b BHjxy aHajiorHHHoe «buchhc, xapaKTepHoe ana Mojiaobm, BajiaxnH h TpaHCHjibBaHHH, BbiaBnaa KaK CXOUCTBa, TaK H pa3JTHHHa B HCn0JIb30BaHHH nOflTHnOB KHHJKHOCJTaBflHCKOH peHM. B waCTHOCTH, no OTHOUieHHK) k mojiaobckom KaHuenapHH noHbiHe coxpanmoT cboio CHjiy Ha6jno,aeHHa Kpyriuora pyMbiHCKoro cjiaBiicTa H. EoraaHa, corjiacHo ícoTopoMy, KaK h b JlHTBe, sth aKTbi h aoKyMenTbi cocTaBJieHW Ha 3anadno-pyccKc>M snbiKe. OcTanaB.iHBaHCb Ha pa3Hoo6pa3HH tcpmhhob, npen.no-JKeHHblX yHCHbIMH fljia HaMMeHOBaHMfl CJiaBflHCKOrO H3bIK3, HCnOJIbSOBaHHOrO B BejIHKOM Khh-»ecTBe JIhtobckom (pyccKuü, 3anadno-pyccKuü, cmapbiü 3anadHo-pyccKuü, cmapopyccnuü, cmapo-CojtiapCKUü, c.'iae.iHCKUü, i¡epKoeHoc.weaHCKUü, yKpauHCKuií, óe.iopyccKuit, KpueuuecKuü, noAbCKO-pyccKuü, cjiaemo-noAbCKuü, jumoecKuü, jiumoecKo-pyccKUü), aBTop noflnepKHBaeT, mto b aaHHOM cjiynae 6ojibme Bcero noaxoHUT nocnennee Ha3BaHHe, xoth b cyumocTH 3tot Bonpoc He npea* CTaBJiaeT TaKoro orpoMHoro 3HaneHHa. nojioaceHHe KopeHHbiM o6pa30M MeHaeTca b XVI — XVII bb., Kor^a no.ibCKuíimjmk BbiTecHaeT H3 nHCbMeHHOCTH TaK Ha3biBaeMbiñ .iumoecKo-pyccKuü> hto, 4>aKTHHecKH, npHBOflHT CHaHajia k 06pa30BaHHK> npocymecTBOBaBmero onpeacjieHHoe BpeMa CMemaHHoro THna peHH, cocToamero H3 JiHTOBCKo-pyccKHx h nojrbCKHx 3JieMCnTOB. IlocTeneHHa nonbCKoe buhhhhc craHOBHTca rocnoACTByiomHM, oij)HUHajibHbiil a3biK Bcjihkoto KHa*ecTBa JIhtobckoto TepaeT cboh xapaKTepHbie nepTbi h Ha CMeHy eMy npnxoflHT, ecTecTBeHHO, nojibCKHñ. 3to .anHTCa no XVII b. riapaiiJie.TbHO, Hanmiaa c XVI b. (1547 r.) noHB.aaioTca naMaTHHKH Ha jihtobckom a3biKe, hto HeH36e*H0 npHBe.no k cymecTBeHHbiM H3MeHeHH»M b coothouichhh chji h npaB 6ajiTHíicKoro h cjiaBaHCKoro nanaji. 1 Ibidem, p. 234. Multe cuvinte ruseijti introduce G. Skorina in càrdie editate la Praga $i Vilnius (cf. $i A. Anuskin, op. cit., p. 6), fapt relevat, la 1888, de P.V. Vladimirov in monografia consacrata vie^ii ?i activitàtii acestui càrturar bielorus, monografie citata de noi mai sus. 2 Cf. N.I. Tolstoi, op. cit., p. 241 — 242.