378
EJIEHA J10rHH0BCKA>I
AKT — He CTOJibKO B screTunecKOM, CKonbKo B 3THHecK0M njiaHe — 3a npe^ejlbl co6cTBeHHO poMaHTHHecKoro B3rjiajia Ha Benin, h6o cyujHocTb poMaHTH3Ma b TOM H COCTOHT, HTO pOMaHTHKH He HaXOAST Ce6e 3ÒeCb H CeZOÙHH, Ha 3eMJie H B o6mecTBe, Bbixo^a M3 Tep3aiomHX hx npoTHBopeHHÌi. He Harneji ero h JlepMOH-TOB. Oïciofla rjiyöoKoe pa3JiHHHe Meac/iy n03T0M, y KOTOporo chmbojiom «oòmero» BbicTynaeT Bce tot ace Tpa/imjMOHHo-poMaHTMHecKHH «TBopen», h kpmthkom, b onpeflejieHHbiìi momcht pemHTejibHO oTKa3biBaiomHMca ot Hero, nycTb aaace KaK OT CHMBOjia: «... b cjioBax ôoz h peAuzun BHacy TbMy, Lie nu h KHyT, h jhoòjho Te-nepb 3TH ABa cjioBa, KaK c/ieayioiJiMe 3a hhmh Herape»1.
    BejiHHCKHM cepeflHHbi 40-x rr. o6pauiaeTca k apyroñ chmbojihkc. Mzien cnpa-BeAJiHBOCTH, KpacoTbi h 6jiara BoiuiomaioTCH ajih Hero b peBOJiiomin h couna-jiH3Me. «51 Tenepb b hoboíí Kpaimocra, — nHiueT kphthk CBoeMy /ipyry BoTKHHy
8	ceHTaöpa 1841 rofla, ■—sto n/iea coifua/iii3Ma, KOTopaa CTajia fljia MeHa naeeio Hueñ, öbiTHeM öbiTHa, BonpocoM BonpocoB, ajib(f)OK) h OMeroio Bepbi h 3HaHna. Bce H3 Hee, ajih Hee h k Heii. OHa Bonpoc h pemeHHe Bonpoca. OHa (ajia MeHa) norjiOTHJia h hctophio, h pejnmno, h (|)hjioco(()hk)»2.
    npH BCeH 6J1H30CTH HaCTpOeHMH nOSTa H KpHTHKa Hejlb3a He OTMeTHTb aBHOe pa3JiHHHe b cnocoöe BbipaaceHHa sthx HacTpoeHHÌi. H peiib 3/recb hact He TOJibKO
o	(j)opMe cpaBHHBaeMbix npoM3BeflennH — xyjioacecTBeHHOH y JlepMOHTOBa, Teo-peTHHecKOH — y EejiHHCKoro, ho h o cnocoGe Bonjiomemia pa/ia HAeíí h noHa-THH, H o CaMOH HX CyWHOCTH. KoHKpeTH3HpyaCb y EejiHHCKoro C riOMOIUblO HC-TopHHecKHX h coHHajibHbix KaTaropHH, H oh ai h 5i 6opb6bi h Hfleajia y JlepMOHTOBa ocTaKJTca b ctjiepe OTBJieneHHCCTH h aOcrpaKUHÌi. M sto oôbacHaeTca He TOJibKO nperpaiiaMH, KOTopbie CTaBHJia nosTy snoxa — 30-e ro/ibi, 3a rpaHb KOTopbix eMy He cyameHO 6biJio Bbiirra, — ho h ero CTpeMneHiieM k npeaejibHoii uHipoTe (jimio-cofjjcKHX o6o6meHHÈi, ero npeflaHHOCTbio poMaffrmecKofi MaHepe.
    Ejiarojiapa stom iimpoTe h CHJie o6o6meiina nosMa JJeMOH BocnpHHHMaeTca He TOJibKO KaK noBecTb o TparniecKon cyflbôe «6yHTapa» b ycjioBnax onpeaejieiiHon snoxH h o6mecTBa (cp. y EejiHHCKoro: «Harne BpeMa», «Ham poMaHTH3M»), ho h KaK HCTopHH 6yHTapa h HCKaTejia jtioôoh nepexo^Hofi snoxH b acs3HH nejio-BenecTBa.
     BMecTe c TeM, aajieKO Bbixofla 3a npejjejibi CBoeft snoxn h o6mecTBa, JiepMOH-TOBCKoe iipoii3Be/ieHne HeceT Ha ceôe nenaTb stoto oômecTBa h stoh snoxn — H HMeHHO STHM onpeflejiaeTca ero opHrnHajibHocTb, paccMarpuBaeMaa b flaHHOM cjiynae He b njiaHe MacTepcTBa, a b njiaHe Hflefino-scTeTHHecKoro coAepacaHHa. Hanôojiee acHO sto CTaHOBH'rcx npn conocTaBJieHHH JJeMoua c TBopnecTBOM Be-jiHHañuiHX iipeacTaBMTejieH eBponeñcKOH jiHTepaTypbi nepBbix AecaraneTHH XIX BeKa, TëTe h BaiipoHa.
    CÿopMHpOBaBiHHHca: Ha HAeax ripocBemeHHa h caM aBJiaromiiKca oahhm H3 ero KpynHeñiHHX npeACTaBHTejieñ, HeMeHKHÌi iincaTejib oTpaacaeT MHp0B03-3peHHe nepeAOBbix xieaTejieñ stoìì snoxn Bocxoaamero pa3Binna 6ypacya3HH. OnTHMHCTHHecKoe 3BynaHne meaeBpa TëTe, ero uiiipoHaìÌLiiHH B3rjia¿i, paccMa-TpHBaiomHH HCTopiiK) HejTOBeHecTBa b jiyxc nocToaHHoro nporpecca, oòiacHaeTca TeM, HTO b STOM CMbicjie npoHH3biBaK)iuaa ero npoH3BCflenne uòen ymaepjicdeitii.H
     1	B. r. BejiHHCKHK, IIoAHoe co6p. con., t. XII, CTp. 25.
     2	Ta ai Mce, CTp. 66.