CyttOHKCAJIbHOE BAPbHPOBAHHE
49
CJioBax AH(})(i)epeHUHajibHbie npH3HaKH CHCieMHbi b njiaHe napaanrMaTHMeciaix h CHHTarMaTHHeCKHX OTHOmeHHH. 3T0T acneKT COOTHOUieHHH MeHCfly BapHaHTOM cjioBa h oT/iejibHbiM cjiobom He Bceraa yiHTbiBaeTca HCCJiejoBarejiaMH1.
    OAHOKopeHHbie npHJiaraTejibHbie BbicTynaiOT Ha ypoBHe AepHBauHOHHbix ot-HbuieHHH KaK CJ10B006pa30BaTejlbHbie eflHHHUbl C nOCTOaHHblH BejlHHHHOH— He-npOH3BOflHOH OCHOBOH (KOpHeM) H nepeMCHHOH BejlHHHHOH—ac|)(|)i<KcaMH. CytJ)-(J)MKcajibHoe BapbHpoBaHwe npn hachthhhoh KopHeBofi MopcjjeMe pa3H006pa3H0 no cbohm pe3yjibTaTaM.
    1.	0;iH0K0peHHbie 06pa30BaHHa, b KOTopbix cy([)<l)HKc-Mop(|)eMa HeptflyeTca C Cy(})(})HKC0M-a^J10M0p(J)0H (cm. Bbiuie) aBJiaiOTCa BapHaHTaMH CJIOB, H KaK Ta-KOBbie aojischm HaiiTH aaeKBaTHyio perncrpaunK) b jieKCHKorpa(j)HHecKHX pa6oTax. H\ HajiHMHe b H3biKe noAAepa<HBaeTca hjih TpanHuneft hjih npoAyKTHBHOCTbK) co-OTBeTCTByiomeH cji0B006pa30BaTejibH0H moacjih, npeacTaBjiaiomeH peryjiapHbie 0ppa30BaHHa c onpe^ejienHoii rpynnofl jieKce.vi. KaK mbcctho, oôpasoBaHHH cjiob nt> cymecTByiomeii MOAejiH ujnpoKO Hcnojib3yerca b cjiaBancKiix snbixax h, b nacT-hocth, b pyCCKOM2.
   B KanecTBe BapbHpyiomnx eAHHHH-Mop<j)eM MoryT BbicTynaTb KaK oTaejib-H^ie MopcfieMbi, TaK h ÔHMopcjieMbi, cocTaBHbie eAHHCTBa, BKjiK>HaK>mHe b cboh cocTaB CBsnaHHbift h CBo6ozmbiii a(jj(j)HKC3. B ([jyHKUHOHajibHOM njiaHe 6nMop(})eMa, KiK npaBHJio, HBjiaeTca araoMopijiOH Mopcjievtbi, BbicTynaiomefi b napajuiejibHOM O0pa3OBaHHH.
   npn CHHXpOHHOM OnHCaHHH CTpyKTypbl CJIOB B COBpeMCHHOM H3bIK03HaHHH npHMenaeTca npHHHHn HenocpeacTBeHHO cocTaBjiaiomHX4, hbjisioihhhch HaynHoft npoueaypoii onpeaejieHHa Mop<j)eMHoro cocTaBa cjioBa, KOTopaa b kohchhom HTore CBOflHTCH k BbinjieHeHHio Henp0H3B0flH0ii 0CH0Bbi. KaK OTMenaeT H. M. IlIaHCKHH, «cjieaoBaHHe npHHUHny flejienna cjiob no Henocpe/rcTBeHno cocTaBjiaio-uQiM rapaHTHpyeT npaBHjibHoe onpeaejieHHe MopcjieviHoro cocTaBa cjioBa, no3-BOJiaeT TaK'/Ke ycTaHOBHTb ero CHHxpoHHyio 3THMOJiorHio, a tcm caMbiM h achct-BH iejibHyio ero CTpyKTypy»5. MeTOAHKa npHMeneHHa AaHHoro npHHunna AeTajib-HO H3JIO)KeHa y aMepHKaHCKHX JieCKpHnTHBHCTOB, B HaCTHOCTH, B paÔOTe JI. BjiyM-4>BJibAa tfibtK 6.
   3tot npHHLinn Mbi Hcnojib30BajiH npn onncaHHH OAHOKopeHHbix npHJiara-bHbix h, b HacTHocTH, npHjiaraTejibHbix c BapnaHTHbiMH cycj)(j)HKcaMH. HanpH-
   1	HenocjieaoBaTejibHa b 3tom OTHOmeHHH h O. C. AxMaHOBa b CBoeii pa6oTe O'tepKU no tfeü u pyccKoü AexcuKOAozuu (cm. crp. 213—228).
    2	Ecaterina Fodor, Compunerea in limbile slave râsàritene, „Analele UniversitàÇii Bucu-ti, Séria stiinte sociale — filologie“, t. 28, 1963.
3	Cm. H. M. llIaHCKHft, OnepKu no pyccKoMy c.ioeooopajoeanuio, MocKBa, 1968, CTp. 33.
    4	L. Bloomfield, Langage, New York, 1933; (JI. G;iyM(j)HJib;i, Himk MocKBa, 1968) Nida, Morphology : the descriptive analysis of words, University of Michigan Press, 1946
K.!Marchand, Synchronik analysis and wordformation, „Cahiers F. de Saussure“, 1955, nr. 3, A, M. MyxHH, 0yHKifuoHaAbHbie AumsucmuHecKue eduHuybi u Memodbi cmpyKmypmio anaAUia HJUKa, «Bonpocw fl3biK03HaKHîi», 1961, Ma 3; H. M. lilaHCKHfl, OnepKu no pyccKOMy cAoeooôpa-■¡opaurno, MocKBa, 1968 h ap.
      ‘ H. M. UIîHCKHfi, y/oaia«. paô., erp. 42 JI. E.iyM(t)HJibji, flibiK, MocKBa, 1968, erp. 224 h cjiea.