POJIb JIEKCHKH B C03AAHHH EECCOK33MÄ
63
HHTOHaijHH JiHLiib noAAepxcHBaeT CTpyKTypno-ceMaHTnliecKyjo neiTOJTHOTy nepBoii nacTH, oôpamaa BHHMaHHe Ha to, hto iipeAHKaTHBHbie eAHHHUbi c BbmejieHHtiMH rnaronaMH He mnaioTca 3aKOHHenHbiMH, a aBJiaioTca tojibko nacTHMH KOMMy-HHKaTHBHblX eflHHHH. CjieAOBaTejIBHO, HHTOHauna KaK CTpyKTypHHH 3JieMeHT nofl-HHHaeTCH rjiaBHOMy CTpyKTypHOMy cpeACTBy-rnarojiy, KOTopbiH HrpaeT ocuoBuyio pojib B C03/;aHHH oôcyacaaeMbix CHHTaKcmecKHX CTpyKTyp. 3ra noAHHHeHHaa pojib HHTOHaHHH JierKO flOKa3bIBaeTCa HeB03M0/KH0CTbK> pa30HTb HHTOHaHHeii CTpyK-TypHyio h CMbicjioByio nejibHOCTb cjioacHoro npefljioaceHna. CpaBHHTe hcbo3mox-HOCTb npeo6pa30BaTb nepByK) nacTb bo mhothx npnBe,aeHHbix npHMepax b OTAejTb-Hbie KOMMynHKaTHBHbie eflHHHHbi: 1. «...Mbi xothm npeacAe Beerò CKaiaTt»; 2. «Boo6pa3HTe ceôe TOJibKo hto aBJiaeTca BoopyaceHHtiH... h TpeöyeT»; 3. «HnKaKoii 3aKOH He M05KET cica3aTb» H Ap-
    Ee3ycji0BH0, cuna rjiarojia He npoaBjiaeTca oAHHaKOBo bo Bcex TaKHX koh-CTpyKHHaX. CpaBHHTe, HanpHMep, B03M03KH0CTb c[)yHKUMOHHpOBaHHa nepBOH HaCTH b xanecTBe caMOCTOsiTCJibHOH iipeAHKaTHBHoii eAHHHHbi b 5-om h 9-om npHMepax:
5.	«3aKOH TOKflecTBa mojkho (JjopMyjinpoBaTb»; 9. «ü nacTO ayMaio». OAHaKO, b TaKHX cjiynaax nojioaceHHe MenaeTca: 3HaneHHe rjiarojioB craHOBHTca Gojiee caMO-CToaTejibHbiM, xoTa hx KOHKpeTHoe coflep>£<aHne ocTaeTca HepacKpbiTbiM. 3to oôycjioBJieHo apythmh KOMMyHHKaTHBHbiMH 3aaanaMH: ana cyoteKTiioro jiHua BaacHO He pacKpwTHe, K0HKpeTH3aHHa npoueccoB, o6o3HaneHHbix rJiarojiaMH, a caMH ripoueccbi, a hmchho: b 5-om npHMepe — B03M0>KH0CTb (})opMyjiHpoBaTb 3aKOH TovKflecTBa; a b 9-om npHMepe — npoaBJieHne /leitCTBua, o6o3HaneHHoro TJiaroJioM dyMamb. 3to Bnojrne noHaTHo; Kaacflbiii raaroji oßjiaaaeT cbohm K03c{>-(J)Hii,HeHTOM CTeneHH otbjichchhocth. Ho bo Bcex npeACTaBJieHHbix yKa3aHHbiMH npHMepaMH KOHCTpyKHHax ôÔAbmaa hjih MeHbmaa HeoGxoAHMOCTb npOAOJiac-HH3, «pacnpocTpaHeHH5D> nepBoii nacTH BTopoii onpeaejiaeTca rjiarojraMH.
   6)	MHTOHauHH TaKHX KOHCTpyKHHH, xapaKTepmyiomaaca Gojimuoh nay30H Ha cTHKe nacTeii h CHAbHbiM BbiflejieHHeM rjiarojioB, ycHJiHBaeT cmmcjioboh Bee rjiarojioB h bo mhofom «HeiíTpajiH3yeT» rpaMMaTHHecKyio cnocoÔHocTb chht3kch-necKOH coHCTaeMOCTH marojioB, hto h nocjiyacHJio, no Bceit BepoaTHOCTH, npn-HHHOH, Ha OCHOB3HHH KOTopoii npo(j). H. C. noçnenoB oöbaBHJi anajiorHHHbie b HHTOHaHHOHHOM OTHOHieHHH KOHCTpyKHHH flByHJieHHbiMH1. EjiaroAapa yKa3aHHbIM HHTOHaHHOHHbIM npH3HaKaM H B3aHMOACMCTBKIO HHTOHaHHH C OHOpHblMH TJia-rojiaMH, BTopaa nacTb He BbicTynaeT, Ha Ham R'irnxn, KaK pacnpoCTpaneHHe ot-cyTCTByiomero 3 nepBoii nacra HjieHa npefljioaceHna2, a BbicTynaeT KaK KOHKpe-TH3aHHa jieñcTBHH, nponeccoB, BbipaaceHHHX b o6o6menHOM BHAe BbiAeJieHHbiMH rjraronaMH. B ôtom coctoht, no HameMy MKeHHio, cymHOCTb CHHTaKCHnecKoro OTHomeHHa, xapaKTepHoro AJia anajiH3npyeMbix KOHCTpyKRHH.
b) OpraHH3aHHa h oiJjopMjieHHe BTopoii nacra onpeAejjaeTca ceMaHTHKoñ rjiarojioB, BbiCTynaiomnx KaK (onopHbie) cjioBa. TaK, HanpHMep, npn rjiaroAax
     1	H. C. IlocncJieB, O epaMMamunecKoü npupoàe u npumfunax K.iaccuçfiuKcmu ôecco-w3Hbix cjioMCHbix npedjiooKeiiuü, c6. «Bonpocw chhtaKCHca coBpcMCHHoro pycCKoro JBbiKa», MocKBa, 1950, erp. 351.
     2	B CHHTaKCHHecKHX paôoTax, b KOTOPHX npHMeH«eTCH cTpyKTypno-ceMaHTHHecKaîr KJiac-CH(J)HKauna cJiovKHonoaHHHCHHbix npeancmeHHÄ, 3Ta MCpTa CHHTaeTca ochobhbim npn3HaxoM çjioîKHonoOTHHeHHMx npeflJioxceHHft c npnflaTOHHbtMH H3TjHCHnreiibHbtMH: cm. CoepeMeHHbiü pye-cKuü H3biK (1. II),nofl peflaKL(HeH npo<J). E.M. T a ji k h h o ü-4> e a o py k, MocKBa, 1964, erp. 553.