XYflOÄECTBEHHAÄ CTPYKTyPA «ZIEMOHA»
373
    U,eHHbie 3aMenaHHa o »caHpe no3MH /JeMon HaxoflHM y E. MaKCHMOBa. B cbo-epL KHHre [Ioisuh JlepMonmoea nccjie;ioBaTe.ib roBopHT o «cjihhhhh» b jiepMOH-tobckoh no3Me ¿iByx pa3H0BHflH0CTeñ *aHpa — nosMbi HOBejumcTHHecKOH, no-BeC'I BOtìaTCJIbHOÌÌ, C03ASHH0H EaÖpOHOM («BOCTOHHbie n03MH») H nyiHKHHblM («K)>K-Hbie nosMbi»), h nosMbi-MHCTepHH (MunbTOH, EañpoH, T. Myp, BwHbw)1. O/maKO, npHBe^H 3TH cooôpaxceHHa b CTaTbe o «M ubipn», HCCJie^oBaiejib He npeflnpHtm-Maer 6ojiee no/ipoÖHoro aHajiH3a xcaHpoBoh cmpyKmypu nosMbi.
    Bonpoc o c¡)hjioco(|)ckom acneicTe no3Mbi JlepMOHTOBa HeaaBHHX nop CTa-BHJ1CH B KpMTHKe JlHLUb MHMOXOflOM2. 3aKOHOMepHOH peaKIIMeií Ha 3TO nOJIO>Ke-HHe 0Ka3aji0Cb CTpeMneHHe HCCjieaoBaTejieH Hamnx ahch paccMOTpeTb no3My KaK npoH3fie/ieHne b nepByio onepe^b <|)HJioco<j)CKoe, pacKpwBaiomee uejibiii pa;t t3khx oTBJieneHHbix npoSjieM, KaK abhächhc h pa3BHTHe, o6i>eKTMBHbie 3aKOHbi 6biTna, 6opb6a npoTHBonojioxHocTen h flaace «Hflea jihhhocth KaK flBi-rA-ymeii chjih hc-TopHH». OxcKxaa — c o o tb e t er b y io i im c yTBepaczieniui o «npeaejibHo oöoömeHHOM CHMBOJiHMecKOM HCTOJTKOBaiiHH xapaKiepa repoa» KaK Bonnomeiina «caMoro iipnH-Huna flBH>KeHna», KaK oTBjieneHHoro ayxa, nyxcfloro Bcero 3eMHoro, h hctojiko-BaHHe ero Tpare/iim KaK «Tpare/inK pa306m;eHH0CTH... AByx MHpoB, MHpa „mhc-Toro pa3yMa" h ähboh, peajibHOH AeücTBHTejibHocTH»3. HecMOTpa Ha HecoMHeH-Hyio riOJIIO HCTHHbl, KpOIOHiyiOCa BO MHOrHX H3 3THX yTBep>KfleHHH, B HejIOM Ta-Kaa TpaKTOBKa o6pa3a fleMOHa h MecTa b nosMe (})hjioco(|)ckhx npo6jieM npe,a-CTaBJiaeTca HaM cnopnoìi, a onpeßejieHHe >Kaiipa npOH3BefleHHH KaK «nosMbi chm-
BOJIHKO-(})HJIOCO<f)CKOH»4 — OflHOCTOpOHHHM.
    /lyvtaeTca, hto BepHee onpeaeuHTb sto npomBe/ieiiHe KaK (})Hji0C0(J)CK0-ncH-xojiorHHecKyK) nosMy—MHCiepHio. TaKoe onpeflejieHHe acaHpa nosMbi oTpaxcaeT HajiHHHe Bcex Tpex yKa3aHHbix Bbinie njiacTOB ee CTpyKTypbi. BMecTe c TeM oho noOTepKHBaeT, hto ueHTpajibHHM h3 sthx njiacTOB aBJiaeTca He (JjhjiococJjckhh, TaK ace KaK, pa3yMeeTca, h He mm cf) o jio th h e c k h ñ, a hmchho ncHxojiorHHecKHH, ko-TopbiH He cJiyHaiiHO onpeaejiaeT h CKWKeTHyio ocHOBy nosMbi. TaKoe cooTHome-HHe CTpyKTypHbIX ajieMCHTOB, B CB OK) OWepCilb, npHBOJIHT K TOMy, HTO He aHaJIH3 BHyTpeHHero MHpa repoa cny>KHT pacKpbiTHK) <J)hjioco4>ckhx npoöneM h noHaTHH, a HanpoTHB, <|)HJi0C0(})CKHe o6o6meHna, Kacaiomneca HaTypbi nejioBeKa h ero B3an-MooTHomeHHË c BHeniHHM MHpoM — CBoßofla h Bona, yTBep’/KaeuHe h oxpmia-line, floôpo h 3JI0—noMoraioT apne pacKpbiTb ncHxojioraio repoa, aBJiaiomeroca, KOHenHo, He cTOJibKo flyxoM, cKojibKO «Ayiiioii», h ero Tpareamo, nponcxojaiiiyio Ha 3eMne, a He b ccj)epe OTBJieneHHbix nacii hjih «4>hjioco<})hh hctophh». Hostomv, npH BceM SoraTCTBe BHyTpeHHHX nepeacHBaHHH repoa, kohcJwihkt nosMbi onpenejia-eTca, KOHeHHO, He TOJibKo «6opsHneM» ero ;iyM h mvbctb, ho h ctohkhobchkcm re-
     1	R. MaKCHMOB, rtoJiu.'i JlepMOHmoea, JI., 1959, exp. 276. TaK »e 6emo Kacaach 3xoro bo-npoca, E. M. 3Bxen6ay,vi OTMCnaex, hxo «b 1838 rofly JlepMOHXOB npeBpamaex CBOKUOHoniecKyio (Jihjioco j>CKyio h cy6x.eKxnBHO-JiHpmecKyK) noaiviy b «Bocxcmiyio noßecxb», nocxpoennyio Ha KaB-KaîCKHX jiereHflax h CKafanHax». B. M. 3itxeH6ayM, Cmambu o JlepMoumoee, MoCKBa-JlcHHurpaa, 1961, exp. 86.
     2	lieHHHe 3aMenaHHa b cbs3h c 3xhm BonpocoM HaxoflHM b HccneflOBaHHHx B. <ï>. AcMyca Kpyz udeü JlepMonmoea, «HaxepaxypHoe HacneflcxBO», xx. 43—44, 1941; E. M. 3iixeH6ayMa, JIu-mepamypua.n nouufu.H JlepMonmoea, b kh.: Cmambu o JlepMoumoee, MocKBa-JleHHHrpafl, 1961, h H. JI. EpoflCKoro, MM. Jlepuonmoe, öuozpatfiufi, MocKBa, 1945.
     3	Cm. E. IlyjiixpHxyflOBa, JJeuon kok cßuAocotßcKan no3Ma. B raare Teopuecmeo M.IO. JlepMonmoea, MocKBa, 1964, exp. 77—88.
      4	Tom. otce, exp. 77.