PO Jib JIEKCHKH B C03ÆAHHH BECCOI03HH
73
AJiH aHajiH3npyeMbix 3,necb KoncrpyKUHii: zacizoa co 3iicmenueM pew (ycmnoü uau nucbMeHHOû) (+ = ) KOHKpemHbiù w<m penu, ebipaztcemtbiü noeecmeoeamenbHbiM nped/ioMcenueM. Kohchho, h3 KJiacca rjiarojioB penn naao HCKJiioHHTb oTMeneH-Hbie Bbiuie noflKjiaccbi.
    Bropaa nacTb b npeflJioaceHHax nepBoro CTOJi6ua He BbicTynaeT KaK pacnpoc-TpaHeHHbiH oöbeKT fleñcTBHH, BbipaaceHHoro rjiarojiOM, a KaK caMa penb, Mbicjib, KaK CBoero po/ia «oBemecTBJienHe», oôbeKTHBroaHHH aeiicTBHa.BbipaaceHHoro onop-HbiMH rjiarojiaMH. Il03T0My HeT CMbicjia roBopHTb 3,n.ecb o napajuiejiH3Me bto-poH nacTH h HjieHOB npe/moaceHHa, cp.: «.fl CKa3aji npaedy» h «fl cKaia.i: ebi my-da ne noüàeme».
    Mnane oöctoht ziejio b KOHCTpyKunax npaBoro CTOJiôua, KOTopbie, o6o3Ha-naa OTHOCHTejibHO to ace caMoe jiorHKO-BemecTBeHHoe cojiepacaHHe, KaK h hcxoæ-Hbie npHMepbi, BbipaacaiOT ero HHaie, /ipyrnMH CTpyKTypHbiMH cpeacTBaMH. Mh-TOHauHa b HHX He HBJiaeTca npeaynpe/iHTejibiioñ; Ha CTbiKe HacTeii HeT TaKOH ôojibLLiow nay3bi c CHJibHbiM BbmejieHHeM rjiarojioB nocpencTBOM jiorHHecKoro yaapeHHa; HHTOHauna xapaKTepH3yeTca HeKOTopbiM o;iHoo6pa'iHeM Mejio/uiKM: b Hen HeT pe3KHX H3MeHeHHii b TeMne h MejioflHKe. OnncbiBaeMbiii MejioflHKO-HHTOHaHHOHHbiH pHcyHOK npuBOflHT K TOMy, HTo rjiaroji He BblJlBHTaeTCa ÖOJIbHie Ha nepBbiH njiaH b CTpyKType npe,zyioa<eHHH h «omymaioTca» floBOjibHO Jienco cnocoÖHOCTH ero CHHTaKCHHecKoií coneTaeMOCTH, hto cojieíicTByeT oriocpeAOBaHHOH CBa3H BTopoH nacra c rjiarojioM. CoK)3, ocymecTBJiaa 3Ty CBa3b, npeo/iojieBaeT B03M0>KH0CTb BOCnpHHHMaTb BTOpyiO HaCTb KaK KOHKpeTHyiO peaJIH3aHHK) HeiicTBHa, BbipaaceHHoro rjiarojioM, h CTaHOBHTca ochobhmm noKa3aTejieM rpaMMaTHWCKOH 3aBMCHMOCTH npH/iaT0HH0ro npefljioHceHHa ot rjiaBHoro.
    Ilp0aHajIH3Hp0BaHHbie KOHCTpyKHHH C OTHOCHTejIbHbIM 6eCCOK>3HeM npOTH-BOnOCTaBJiaiOTCa, C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, KOHCTpyKHHaM C aÖCOJHOTHblM 6eCCOK»3HeM, a C flpyrOH, C0I03HbIM THnaM C nOÆHHHHTejIbHblMH COK)3aMH. riepBOe npOTHBO-nocTaBjieHHe ocHOBbiBaeTca Ha Hee03M0MCHocmu\e03M0MCH0cmu ynoTpeöJieHHa cok)3ob; BTopoe ace npoTHBonocTaBJieHHe OcHOBbiBaeTca Ha omcymcmeuu / hoauhuu COI030B. 3th npoTHBónocTaBjieHHa MaTepHajiH3yioTca b onpe/iejieHHbix Mo^eji^x, (j)opMyjiax, oôJiaaaïoiHHX cbohmh CTpyKTypHo-ceMaHTHnecKHMH npH3HaKaMH. Ho npoTHBonocTaBJieHHe npe/mojiaraer h HeKOTopoe chhhctbo. 3to c/ihhctbo noA-TBepxflaeTca cjie/iyiomHMH o6cToaTejibCTBaMH: a) KaK b cJioacHbix npe,iyioaceHHHX C aÖCOJHOTHbIM 6eCCOK)3HeM, TaK H B CJ10>KHbIX npeflJIOaceHHaX C OTHOCHTejIbHbIM 6eccoK)3HeM Hcnojib3yioTca KaK onopHbie CTpyKTypHbie cpe^cTBa rjiarojibi, xapaK-TepH3yioiHHeca CMHce.MaHTMWHOCTbK) h oTHocaiHHeca k onpe,qejieHHOMy ceMaHTH-necKOMy KJiaccy. C tohkh 3peHHa ace ceMaHTHwecKHX noflKJiaccoB AaHHbix rjiaro-JioB nojioaceHHe MeHaeTca: cymecTByioT rjiarojibi, BbicTynaiomne KaK onopHbie cjioBa b o6enx oByx rpynnax npe/uioaceHHH, h b stom cjiynae pa3JiHiHe Meacay a6-COJHOTHblM H OTHOCHTejIbHbIM 6ecCOK)3HeM OÔyCJIOBJieHO OÔbIHHO (J)OpMyjraMH npeiiHKaTHBHbix emulimi, o6pa3yiomHX BTopyio nacTb cjioacHoro npeajioaceHHH. Ho GbiBaeT h TaKofi ceMaHTnnecKHH noflKJiacc rjiarojioB, CBOHCTBeHHbiH TOJibKO oflHOM rpynne. Bee 3to CBHZieTejibCTByeT o hcoôxoâhmocth H3yneHHa h aHt[)([)e-peHHHauHH ceMaHTHKH onopHbix rjiarojioB npn anajime Bonpoca o C03/iaHHH a6-cojiioTHoro h OTHOCHTejibHoro 6eccoK)3Ha. HHane CKjiaflbiBaioTca, HanpHMep, ot-HouieHHH Meacay nacTaMH cjioacHbix npeflJioaceHHH, ecJiH b hhx onopHbie rjiarojibi HMeioT 3HaieHHe jiBHaceHHa hjih KanecTBenHofi xapaKTepncTHKH, KaK HanpHMep: