Ct. 46 «PyccKOH IlpaBAbi,» OTHOcamaHca k BopoBCTBy xoJionoB khh-HCeCKHX, ÖOflpCKHX H MOHaCTblpCKHX, TOBOpHT O TOM, HTO OHH He nOflJie-JK3T HaK33aHHIO IIITpac})OM: «HX >Ke KHH3b npOßaiKeH He K33HHT»43, TaK KaK OHH He ÍIBJIHIOTCH CBOÓOflHblMH JIIOAbMH. B pyCCKHX Tp3M0T3X XV BeK3 npHHHTO, T3K Hie KSK H B pyMbIHCKHX, npHMeHHTb yrp03y no OTHO-meHHK) k TOMy, KTo HapyuiHT BojiKD KHH3H : «A KTO ea oc.nymaeT eCH Moeft rpSMOTbl, 6bITb OT MeHH B K33HH»43.
    Bhaw npecTynjieHHH, KOTopbie öojiee iiojiho OTp3>KeHbi b pyMbIHCKHX rp3MOT3X, KaCaiOTCH yÓHHCTB3, CB3ABI, pa3ÖOH, yBe^bH, T3Tb6bI, T3KHM 06p330M OTHOCHTCH K yrOJIOBHOMy np3By. C.B.tOuiKOB yK33bIB3eT, HTO A3BHO ÖblJlO OÓpSmeHO BHHM3HHe H3 TO, HTO nepBbie 33KOHH TJI3BHbIM o6p330M K3C3KDTCH yroJioBHoro npaBa44. KpoMe Toro oh yTBepjK^aeT, MTO T3Koe no^oJKeHHe Bemeñ hbjihctch xapaKTepHbiM äjih cj)eo,naJibHoro o6m,ecTB3 H3 nepBOM 3T3ne ero P33bhthh. Onpe.ue.iiHH xapaKTep «PyccKOH IlpaBAbl», C.B.IOuiKOB nOflMepKHBaeT, MTO «Æ.ÎIH lOpHflHHeCKHX CÓOpHHKOB nepH0A3 CT3H0BJieHHH H p33BHTHH (})eOA3^H3Ma XapSKTepHO TO, ^TO OHH rjiaBHbiM 06pa30M KacaiOTCH ocHOBHbix MOMeHTOB yro^oBHoro npaBa h nponecca»45.
    B K3TeropHH npfeCTyn^eHHH npoTHB jihhhocth, yÖHHCTBy yAeJiaeTca OCOÓeHHO B3>KHOe MeCTO, KOTOpoe B pyMbIHCKHX HCTOMHHK3X XV BeKa 0603-Ha^seTCH TepMHHOM — ÆymeryôcTBo.
    06bIKHOBeHHO 3T0T BHÄ npeCTynJieHHH BCTpeqaeTCH B HMMyHHTeTHblX rpaMOTax. TaK, HanpHMep, b 1447 roAy MOJi^aBCKHÖ Hhmchkhh MOHacTbipb n0Jib30BaJicH npaBOM cy^a, o6o3Ha>ieHHbiM b rpaMOTe cjie^yiomHM 06pa30M: «X'OT'k	TfAMI ANAkAlH (h3 MOHaCTblpCKHX Cejl) A*VllltrSKCTK<'
... aae cdAtH KaaSrepn... co\*AH/AH ckoh	»46. B ApyroH rpaMOTe SToro
>Ke MOHacTbipa 1454 ro^a HaxoAHM onpeflejieHHe TepMHHa A«’VUJfr8KCTK0: MOHacTbipcKHe ce/ia, óyAy^H H3i>aTbi h3 no,n iophcahkuhh rocnoßapn h ero ypH^HHKOB, He OTBenajiH nepe/i, hhmh 47 «hh 3a AuisrSKCTKö. • • kmh haut cm CiMp-KT K yMHNHTH KOTOpaA48. TaKHM 06pa30M B pyMbIHCKHX CpeflHeBeKOBblX rpaMOTax óojiee paHHero nepnoßa flyuieryöcTBo o6o3HaHaeT yÖHHCTBO.
    CorjiacHO HopMaM pyMbiHCKoro yrojioBHoro npaBa 3a «rojiOBy», ro ecTb 3a yÖHToro, B3bicKHBajiCH niTpatj), Ha3biBaeMbii r<\ona, ynjiannBaeMbiH oöbiHHO CKOTOM. B rpaMOTax snoxH Crec})aHa BejiHKoro AOBOJibHo qacTo BCTpenaeM Bbipa*eHHe «raoßa wt ASwerSKCTKO» 49 to ecTb urrpac}) 3a coBep-rneHHoe yÖHHCTBO. Ecjih b XV BeKe b MOJiflaBCKHx rpaMOTax flymeryöcTBO o6o3HaHaeT yÖHHCTBO, to no3AHee noHBjiaeTCH hobhh TepMHH — A^utirSEHHa — KOTopbiM oóosHa^iaeTCH rjioöa to ecTb uiTpacj) 3a yÖHToro. B BaJiamcKHx rpaMOTax TepMHH A8ui{r8GHM‘l BCTpeuaeM eme c Ha^ajia XV BeKa. TaK, HanpHMep, MOHacrapb Ko3hh b 1421 ro^y nojib30BajicH npaBOM Ha cyn,
     42	PyccKan npaeda, II, CTp. 404.
     43	ilaMHmHUKU pyccnoeo npaea, III, cip. 100, 102, 103.
     44	C. B. IO ui kob, PyccKan ilpaeda, CTp. 270.
     45	C. B. K) ui kob, 06iu,ecmeeHHo-noAummecnuü cmpoü u npaeo Kueecnoao eocy-dapcmea, CTp. 146.
    46	M. Costächescu, yKa3an. npou38., II, CTp. 288.
     47	TaM *e, CTp. 288.
     48	TaM Hie, CTp. 517.
     49	I. Bogdan, yK03ah. npou3e., I, CTp. 173.
80